省略,是为了避免重复、突出新信息,并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。而省略在日常交流对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象。那么,省略句的用法有哪些呢?
1、省略介词
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.
他花了四个小时复习功课。
I've studied English (for) five years.
我已学五年英语了。
2、省略连词 that
在宾语从句中,当有两个及以上并列从句时,第一个that可省,以后的均不可省。
I believe (that) you will succeed.
我相信你们会成功的。
It's a pity (that) he's leaving.
他要走,真遗憾。
I'm sure (that) she will help you.
我肯定她会帮你的。
3、省略关系代词
I'll give you all (that) I have.
我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday.
他看过我昨天买的书了。
4、省略主语
Beg your pardon.
(我)请你原谅。( Beg 前省略了主语 I )
Take care!
当心!( Take 前省略了主语 you )
Looks as if it will rain.
看起来象要下雨。( Looks 前省略了主语 it )
5、省略谓语
Who next?
该谁了?( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes )
The river was deep and the ice thin.
( ice 后面省略了 was )
We'll do the best we can.
我们将尽力而为。( can 后面省略了动词 do )
6、省略表语
Are you ready? Yes, I am.
你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。( am 后面省略了 ready )
He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.
他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。( had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports )
7、省略宾语
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.
让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来擦干。( wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes )
8、省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.
那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。( the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money )
9、省略状语
He was not hurt. Strange!
他没有受伤,真奇怪!( Strange 前面省略了状语 how )
难点释疑
a、省略句可同时省掉句子几个成分
What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!)
多么令人激动的消息啊!
Pity he's failed. (= It is a pity that he's failed.)
很遗憾,他失败了。
I like him more than her. (= I like him more than I like her.)
我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。
b、英语中有一些固定的省略结构:
1) 在以 if, when, though, as if (好像)等连词引导的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是 be ,常将主语和动词 be 省略。
If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.
如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。
Whenever possible, he will come to my help.
他一有可能就来帮助我。
While cycling, don't forget the traffic lights.
骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。
2) 由固定词组引导的疑问句:
What about having a game of chess?
下盘棋怎么样?
How come they left you alone here?
他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢?
What if it's raining?
如果天下雨怎么办?
Why not try again?
为什么不再试试呢?
3) 在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号 to 。
He may leave if he wishes to.
他可以走,如果他愿意的话。
Don't go till I tell you to.
等我叫你走你再走。
c、被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。
He is taller than I am.
他比我高。( am 之后省略 tall ,补上不合习惯)
No parking.
禁止停车。(告示用语 = No parking is allowed here. )
还有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分:
Not at all. 不用谢。
No matter. 不要紧。
Thanks. 谢谢。
文章来源: https://twgreatdaily.com/zh-hans/wsAh-nMBURTf-Dn5b0kF.html