小學生必備英語知識,值得收藏

2020-07-15     山姆大叔教育集團

原標題:小學生必備英語知識,值得收藏

小學階段學習英語除了開發英語思維,重要的是多積累,讓孩子英語學習逐漸上升一個台階。山姆大叔少兒英語為大家整理一份小學必備的英語知識點,建議收藏!

必備知識點一:

寫出完全形式

1.who's=who is

2.she's = she is

3.he's = he is

4.what's = what is

5. where’s= where is

6.we're = we are

7.you're = you are

8.that's = that is

9. I'm = I am

10. isn't = is not

11.aren't = are not

12.they're = they are

13.don't = do not

14.let's = let us

15. can』t = can not

16. it's = it is

17. I』ve = I have

18. I』d = I would

19. hasn』t = has not

寫出下列單詞的複數形式

1.bus —— buses

2.box —— boxes

3.glass —— glasses

4.class —— classes

5.watch —— watches

6.mango —— mangoes

7.firefly —— fireflies

8.sheep —— sheep

9.people —— people

10.man —— men

11.woman —— women

12.apple —— apples

13.family —— families

14.library —— libraries

15.baby —— babies

16.boy —— boys

17.toy —— toys

18.child —— children

19.foot —— feet

20.strawberry —— strawberries

21.horse —— horse

22.policeman —— policemen

23.dress —— dresses

24. fish —— fish

25.tooth —— teeth

26.country —— countries

27. foot —— feet

28.dragonfly —— dragonflies

29.me —— us

30.building —— buildings

31. cloth —— clothes

32. this —— these

33. that —— those

34.circle —— circles

35.story —— stories

反義詞或對應詞

1.same —— different

2.new ——old

3.old ——young

4.short —— long

5.big ——small

6.tall —— short

7.yes —— no

8.open —— close

9.hot —— cold

10.here —— there

11.sit ——stand

12.up ——down

13.thin ——fat

14.father —— mother

15.right —— wrong

16.black ——white

17.this —— that

18.these —— those

19.boy —— girl

20. grandfather ——grandmother

21.man ——woman

22.husband —— wife

23.aunt—— uncle

24.brother—— sister

25. he —— she

26. left —— right

27. go ——come

28. nurse ——doctor

29. good ——bad

30. minus —— plus

31. his —— her

32. busy—— free

33. hand ——foot

34. legs —— arms

近義詞

1. desk—— table

2. like—— love

3. often—— usually

4. start—— begin

5. great—— good

同音詞

1. to too 、 two

2. right write

3. no know

4. for four

5. hear here

6. I eye

7. see (C) sea

8. son sun

9. be (B) bee

10. there their

11. U you

12. Y why

13. by buy 、 bye

14. pair pear

15. R are

16. whose who’s

17. aunt aren』t

現在分詞

1. swim ( 現在分詞 )—— swimming

2. come( 現在分詞 )—— coming

3. dance (-ing形式)—— dancing

4. ski (-ing形式) ——skiing

5. sit (-ing形式)—— sitting

6. fly (-ing形式) —— flying

7. stay (-ing形式) —— staying

8. travel (-ing形式) ——travelling

9. cry (-ing形式) ——crying

10. play (-ing形式) —— playing

11. listen (-ing形式) —— listening

12. collect (-ing形式) —— collecting

13. make (-ing形式) —— making

14. take (-ing形式) —— taking

15. write (-ing形式)—— writing

16. read(-ing形式) ——reading

17. clean (-ing形式) —— cleaning

18. sing (-ing形式)—— singing

19. sweep (-ing形式) —— sweeping

20. run (-ing形式) ——running

綜合

1. study (第三人稱單數)—— studies

2. students(名詞所有格)——students』

3. sister(名詞所有格)——sister’s

4. two(序數詞) —— second

5. have(第三人稱單數)—— has

6. cat (名詞所有格) —— cat’s

7. Tom(名詞所有格) ——Tom’s

8.teacher(動詞) —— teach

9. cry(第三人稱單數) ——cries

10.Nancy(名詞所有格) —— Nancy’s

11. can(否定式) —— can』t

12. good(比較級)——better

13.catch(第三人稱單數) ——catches

14. wash (第三人稱單數)——washes

15. quickly(形容詞) —— quick

16. visit(名詞) ——visitor

17. China(形容詞) —— Chinese

18. French(名詞) —— France

19. quiet(副詞) ——quietly

20. one(序數詞) —— first

21. cook(第三人稱單數) ——cooks

22. do(第三人稱單數) ——does

23. beautifully(形容詞) ——beautiful

24. many (比較級) ——more

25. Australian(名詞)—— Australia

26. brush(第三人稱單數) —— brushes

27. work(名詞)——worker

重點知識點二:

現在進行時

表示正在發生的事情或進行的動作,常與now,listen,look等詞連用,結構是主語+be動詞(am, is, are)+動詞ing.

如:It is raining now.

外面正在下雨

It is six o』clock now.

現在6點了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

我父母正在客廳看報紙

Look! The children are having a running race now.

看!孩子們正在賽跑

問句將be動詞移前,否定句在be動詞後+not.

一般現在時

表示經常反覆發生的事情或動作,常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等詞連用。

結構是主語+動詞原形;當主語為第三人稱單數即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時,動詞後加s或es.

如:We have an English lesson every day.

我們每天都要上英語課

Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

男孩比女孩跑的快嗎?是的

問句藉助於do, does否定句藉助於don』t, doesn』t,後面動詞一定要還原。

一般過去時

表示發生在過去的事情或存在的狀態,常與just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。

結構是主語+be動詞的過去式(was; were)或主語+動詞的過去式。

注意:be動詞與動詞過去式不可同時使用。

如:My earphones were on the ground just now.

我的耳機剛剛還在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

你上個星期去哪了?我去野營了

What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

你昨天去幹嘛了?我去參觀農場了。

問句有be動詞將be動詞移前,沒有be動詞藉助於did,後面動詞還原;

否定句有be動詞在後面加not,沒有藉助於didn't後面動詞還原。

一般將來時

表示將要打算髮生的事情或動作,常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等詞連用。結構是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動原或主語+will +動原。

如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

你明天要去幹嘛?我要去野餐。

The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

孩子們下個星期將參加運動會。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。

問句將be動詞或will移前;否定句在be動詞或will後加not.

情態動詞

can; can』t; should; shouldn』t; must; may後一定加動詞原形。

如:The girl can』t swim, but she can skate.

女孩不會游泳,但是會滑冰

Don』t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

不要再課上說話,你應該認真聽老師講。

祈使句

肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭;否定祈使句以don』t加動詞原形開頭。

如:Open the box for me ,please.

請為我打開盒子。

Liu ! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

劉,明天請早點起床!

Don』t walk on the grass!

不要在草地上走!

Helen! Don』t climb the tree,please.

海倫!不要爬樹。

比較

than 前用比較級;as…as之間用原級。

如:My mother is two years younger than my father.

我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。

Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

劉濤跳得和本一樣遠。

喜歡做某事

用like +動詞ing或like+ to + 動原。

如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.

蘇陽喜歡種花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

孩子們喜歡在春節去玩花燈。

想要做某事

用 would like +to+動原或want + to +動原。

例:I』d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

some

用於肯定句中,在否定句和問句中改為any,但當表示委婉語氣時仍用

如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

代詞

人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動詞前,主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。

賓格做賓語用,一般放在動詞或介詞後

如:Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。

賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。

形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前,不能單獨使用,分別是my your his her its our your their

名詞性物主代詞相當於形物加名詞,它只能單獨使用後面不好加名詞,分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

介詞

介詞後要麼不加動詞,加動詞只能加動詞ing形式

如:be good at running;

do well in jumping;

時間介詞

季節前,月份前用介詞in

如:in summer;in March

具體的哪一天如星期幾,幾月幾日用介詞on

如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在幾點鐘前用介詞at

如:at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

但在夜間用at night。

另:季節,月份和星期前不好加the.

名詞複數構成的方法

有規則的有:

(1)直接在名詞後加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos;

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結尾的加es

如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches

(3) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es

如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;

(4)以f, fe結尾的改f, fe 為v+es如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o結尾的我們學過的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其餘加s,)

不規則的有:

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

動詞第三人稱單數的構成

(1)直接在動詞後加s

如:run—runs; dance—dances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o結尾的加es

如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

(3)以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es

如:study—studies; carry—carries;

現在分詞的構成

(1)直接在動詞後加ing

如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;

(2)雙寫詞尾加ing

如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;

(3)以不發音的e結尾的去e加ing

如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;

規則動詞過去式的構成

(1)直接在動詞後加ed

如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;

(2)以e結尾的直接加d

如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;

(3) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加ed

如:study—studied;carry—carried;

(4)雙寫詞尾加ed

如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;

不規則的有:am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;

形容詞副詞比較級的構成

規則的:

(1)直接在形容詞或副詞後加er

如;small—smaller; low—lower;

(2)以e結尾的加r

如:late—larer;

(3)雙寫詞尾加er

如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;

(4) 以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i加er

如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;

不規則的有:

good, well—better(最高級為best); many, much--- more(最高級為most); far---farther;

rain與snow的用法

(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數名詞

如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作為動詞意思是下雨和下雪,有四種形式分別是:

動詞原形rain, snow;

第三人稱單數rains ,snows;

現在分詞raining;snowing

過去式rained;snowed;

如:Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。

It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經常下雨。

It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如:It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I』ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我將呆在家裡。

比較級

注意只有同類事物才可進行比較。

如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.

have, has

表示某人有(has用於第三人稱單數);There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原則

單數或不可數用there is /was;

複數用there are/ were.

本身就是複數的詞

眼鏡glasses; 耳機earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是複數。

如:My glasses were on the chair just now.

但如果表示這雙,這副,一雙的時候用單數

如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.

一個的用法

用於輔音前不是輔音字母前;an 用於元音前不是元音字母前。

如:There is an ’s』, a 『t』, a 『u』, a 『d』 ,an 『e』, an 『n』,and a 『t』 in the word 『student』.

時間表示法

有兩種:

(1)直接讀時鐘和分鐘。

如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;

(2)用to與past表示。

在半小時包括半小時以內用幾分past幾點

如:6:10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;

過了半小時用下一個鐘點差幾分

如7:45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;

基數詞變序數詞的方法

基變序有規律,結尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,結尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth);

ty改y為ie後加th別忘記(即整十數如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth);

幾十幾十位為基個位為序(如第二十一為twenty-first)。

另外強調序數詞前一定要加the。

日期的表示法

用the+序數詞+ of +月

如:三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December.

both 表示兩者都

如:My parents are both teachers.

all表示三者以上都

如:The students are all very excited.

節日的表示法

有day的節日前用on.

沒有day的節日前用at,

如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.

激動興奮的

excited表示激動的,興奮地主語是人;

exciting表示令人激動的,令人興奮的主語是事情

如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.

賽跑非常令人激動,因此所有的學生都很激動。

比較

兩者比較用比較級,三者以上比較用最高級

如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

誰跑得更快,男孩還是女孩?男孩。

Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

你最喜歡哪個季節?我最喜歡秋天。

Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

你更喜歡哪個季節,夏天還是冬天?我更喜歡冬天。

動詞還原的用法

前面用了do, does did, don』t, doesn』t didn』t後面動詞要還原。

如:Did she watch TV last night?

Helen doesn』t like taking photos.

讓某人做某事

用let sb後加動詞原形

如:Let’s water the flowers together.

是該做…的時候了用It’s time for+名詞或It’s time to +動原。

幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如:幫我學英語是 help me with my English

樹上

外來的東西在樹上用in the tree

如:the bird in the tree;

樹上長的用on the tree

如:the apples on the tree

運動和樂器

球類之前不加the;

樂器之前必須加the

如:play the piano; play football

重點知識點三:

一般疑問句

1、Did you read books?

你讀書了嗎?

Yes, I did.

是的,我讀過了。

No,I didn't.

不,我沒有讀過。

2、Is she quiet?

她文靜嗎?

No, she isn't . She's very active.

不,她不。她很活躍。

Is she strict?

她嚴格嗎?

Yes,she is,but she's very kind.

是的,她是,但是她很和藹。

3、Is this a teacher's desk?

這是一張講台桌嗎?

Is it cold ?

冷嗎?

Is her birthday in june?

她的生日在六月嗎?

Is this your T-shirt?

這是你的T恤衫嗎?

Yes,it is.

是的。

No,it isn't./No,it's not.

不,不是的。

4、can you make the bed?

你會鋪床嗎?

can you use a computer?

你會使用電腦嗎?

Yes,I can.

是的,我會

No,I can't.

不,我不糊。

5、Are they ducks?

它們是鴨子嗎?

Are they eating the honey ?

它們吃蜂蜜嗎?

Yes,they are。

是的,它們是。

No,they aren't。

不,它們不是。

6、Is there a forest in the park?

公園裡有森林嗎?

Is there a river?

那裡有條河嗎?

Yes,there is。

是的,那裡有

No,there aren't。

不,那裡沒有

7、Are there any pandas in the mountain?

山裡有一些熊貓嗎?

Are there any fish in the rivers?

河裡有一些魚嗎?

Yes,there are

是的,那裡有。

No,there aren't。

不,那裡沒有。

8、 Are you eating|unch?

你正在吃午餐嗎?

Yes,lam./Yes, we are

是的,我正在吃。/是的,我們正在吃

No, I am not. , we aren't.

我沒有在吃。/不,我們沒有在吃。

9、Is he playing chess?他正

在下棋嗎?

Yes,he is.

是的,他是。

No, he isn't。

不,他沒有。

10、 Is she counting insects?

她正在數昆蟲嗎?

Yes, she is.

是的,她是。

No, she isn't.

不,她沒有。

11、 Does she/ he teachEnglish?

她(他)教英語嗎?

Yes,she/ he does。

是的,她(他)是。

No,she/ he doesn't.

不,她(他)不是。

談論時間

What time is it?

幾點鐘?

It's two o' clock.

兩點鐘。

It's 9: 45 It's time for math .

九點四十五。是上數學課的時間了。

What day is it today?

今天星期幾?

It' s Wednesday。

星期三.

When do you eat dinner?

你幾點吃晚餐?

leat dinner at 7: 00 in theevenIng

我晚上7點鐘吃晚餐。

When do you get up?

你幾點起床?

I usually get up at 12: 00 noon.

我一般中午12點鐘起床。

When is your birthday?

你的生日是什麼時候?

It' sin May.

在五月。

Mybirthday| i s in june.

我的生日在六月。

Uncle bills birthday is in June too.

比爾叔叔的生日也在六月。

What 's the date?

幾月幾日?

June9th.

六月九日。

談論地點

Where are you going this afternoon?

下午你打算去哪?

Where did you go on yourholiday?

假期你去了哪?

I went to Xinjiang

我去了新疆。

Where does she work?

她在哪工作?

She works in a hospita!

她在醫院工作。

Where does the rain come from?

雨從哪來?

It comes from the d|ouds.

它從雲里來

Where is the c|nema, please?

請問電影院在哪?

It' s next to the hospital

在醫院旁邊

Turn left at the cinema then straightIt' s on the|eft.

在電影院那,左轉,然後直走。它在你的左邊。

There are two bedrooms. akitchen a bathroom and alivingroom

那有兩個臥室人房,一個衛生間和一個客廳。

There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet。

那有一面鏡子,一張床和一個大衣櫃

The closet is near the table.

櫃在桌子的附近

Many clothes are in the closet.

很多的衣服在衣櫃里。

Thet rash bin is behind the door.

垃圾桶在門後。

談論價格

How much is it? 這個多少錢?

It's ten yuan.十元。

How much are they?它們多少錢?

They're three yuan.它們三元。

談論數量

How many horse are there?哪有多少匹馬?

Twelve.十二匹。

談論人物

Who's your English teacher? 你的英語老師是誰?

Mr Carter.卡特先生。

What's he like? 他長什麼樣?

He's tall and strong.他又高又強壯。

How old are you?你幾歲?

談論喜好

What' s your favourite fruit?你

最喜歡的水果是什麼?

I like apples. they're sweet.

喜歡蘋果。它們很甜。

I like fruit. But i dont like grapes.

我喜歡水果。但我不喜歡葡萄。

Which season do you like best?

你最喜歡哪個季節?

I like winter best.

我最喜歡冬天

Summeris good, but fall is myfavourite season.

夏天很好,但秋天是我最喜歡的季節。

Why do you like summer?

你為什麼喜歡夏天?

Because I can swim in thelake。

因為我可以在湖裡游泳

Why do you like winter?

你為什麼喜歡冬天?

Because I can sleep a long time.

因為我可以睡很長的時間。

What' s your hobby?

你的愛好是什麼?

I like collecting stamps.

我喜歡收集郵票。

He likes collecting stamps too.

他也喜歡收集郵票。

談論事情

What did you do last weekend?

你上個周末做了什麼?

I played foot ball!

我踢了足球。

What are you going to buy?

你打算去買什麼?

I am going to buy a comic book

我打算去買一本漫畫書。

Hat are you going to do on theweekend?

周未你打算去做什麼?

What do you doon the weekend?

你周末做什麼?

Usually I watch TV and go shopping.

一般我看電視和去購物。

Sometimes I visit my greadparents.

有時候我去拜訪我的祖父母。

談論方式

How do you go to schooSarah?

薩拉,你怎麼去學校?

Usually I go to school on foot.

通常我走路去學校。

Sometimes go by bike.

有時候我騎自行車。

How can I get to Zhongshan Park?

我怎麼去中山公園?

You can go by the No 15 bus.

你可以坐15路公共汽車。

How did you go there?

你怎麼去那?

I went by train.

我坐火車去。

身體和心情

How are you, Liu Yun?

劉雲,你怎麼樣?

You| ook so happy.

你看起來很開心。

How are you, Sarah?

薩拉,你怎麼樣?

You| ook sad today.

今天你看起來很傷心。

What' s the matter?

怎麼了?

My throat is sore. My nose

hurts.

我的喉嚨痛。我的鼻子痛

體重和身高

How heavy are you?

你多少重?

My 48kg.

我48公斤。

I'm thinner than you, and shorter.

我比你瘦和矮。

How tall areyou?

你多高?

I'm164cm tall.

我164厘米高。

You' re shorter than me.

你比我矮。

You're 4 cm taller than me.

你比我高四厘米。

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