考生在各種語言考試的備考中,要掌握5000個最基本的詞彙及相關詞組。而除了掌握這些基本詞彙的基本含義外,考生還應該分析掌握詞彙之間的詞義關係,如同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等。以下十組近義詞就是基本詞彙中必須掌握的相關近義詞。
data, message,information, 這三個名詞都含有「資料、信息」之意。
(1)口頭或書面的消息,報文,(電話答錄機的)留言;指通過書寫、談話和信號等方式所進行的通訊「信息」。
I got a message you were trying to reach me.我收到一條消息,說你想跟我聯繫。
Would you like to leave a message?你要留言嗎?
(2) idea of book, play, film, programme(藝術作品等的)啟示,教益,寓意
The report's message was unequivocal.這份報告里傳達出的信息明確無誤。
The play's message is that right always triumphs.這齣戲的主題思想是正義最終總是會取得勝利。
I think they got the message that this is wrong.我想他們已經明白這樣做是錯誤的。
information指 facts , 信息;消息;見聞;情報
習慣用語 for your information告訴你,你要知道(用於生氣地告知對方的錯誤)
For your information, I wasn't even there at the time!告訴你,我當時根本就不在那裡!
soon, at once, right away,immediately, instantly, presently, directly, shortly,這八個副詞或副詞詞組均有「立刻,馬上」之意。
gather, judge,infer, deduce, conclude, 這五個動詞均含「推斷」之意。
to gather that …猜想;認為;了解到
I gathered that they were not going to eat with us.我想他們不會跟我們一起用餐了。
to gather from sth[ +expression, tone of voice ] 從…推斷
I gather from his tone of voice that he's not very pleased.聽他的口氣,我覺得他不太高興。
From his disjointed ramblings, I gathered he didn't like doctors much.我從他雜亂無章的絮絮叨叨推斷,他不太喜歡醫生。
How will they judge which is the most reliable?他們會如何來斷定哪一個最可靠呢?
to judge that …認為…
The doctor judged that the man's health had, up to the time of the wound, been good.醫生斷定,直至受傷前,這名男子的身體狀況一直很好。
to judge sth to be sth[ +failure, dangerous, necessary ] 斷定…是…
The operation must be judged a failure.該手術肯定會被認定是一次失敗的手術。
The UN withdrew its relief personnel because it judged the situation too dangerous.聯合國認定形勢過於危險,所以撤出了它所有的救援人員。
believe that ) 相信…
I judge that you speak the truth.我相信你說的是事實。
(1) to infer sth from sth從…推斷出…
information from which he can infer the future course of events.他能從中推斷出事件未來走向的信息
(2) to infer that …推斷出…
We can infer that if the battery is dead, the horn will not sound.我們可以推斷,如果電池用完了,喇叭也就不會響了。
I inferred from what she said that you have not been well.我根據她說的話推斷,你身體一直不太好。
(3) ( hint, imply ) 意味著;暗示
The police inferred that they found her behaviour rather suspicious. 警方暗示,他們發現她的行為相當可疑。
I don't like what you're inferring.我不喜歡你的言外之意。
(4) ( indicate ) 表明;表示
His silence infers his guilt.他的沉默表明他很內疚。
(1) infer演繹;推論
He deduced this from his observations.他從觀察中推斷出了這一點。
She hoped he hadn't deduced the reason for her visit.她希望他沒有推斷出她這次造訪的原因。
(2) to be deduced from sth從某事推斷
The date can be deduced from references to historical events.日期是可以從提及歷史事件之處推斷出來的。
(3) to deduce that …推斷出…
Alison had deduced that I wrote the letter.艾莉森已經推斷出這封信是我寫的。
(1) deduce ) 推斷出;推論出;作出…結論
What do you conclude from that?你能從中推斷出什麼?
So what can we conclude from this debate?那麼我們從這次辯論中可以得出什麼結論?
What I ultimately concluded is simply that people here do too much.我最終得出的結論就是這裡的人們做得太多。
(2) to conclude that …結論是…
Larry had concluded that he had no choice but to accept Paul's words as the truth.拉里斷定自己別無選擇,只能把保羅的話當成真的。
theme, topic,issue, subject,這四個名詞均有「主題、話題」之意。
segregate, insulate ,isolate, separate,這四個動詞均有「分開,分離,隔離」之意。
disease,illness, sickness, , complaint這四個名詞均有「疾病」之意。
thought, notion, impression ,idea, concept, conception, 這五個名詞均有「思想、觀點、觀念」之意。
identify, recognize, make out這三個動詞(短語)均含「認出,識別」之意。
issue, distribute, publish這三個動詞均有「發行,發出,發給」之意。
掌握這些近義詞彙之間的搭配關係,如動詞與介詞,形容詞與介詞,形容詞與名詞等都是十分必要的。由此可見,各位親在複習單詞時,要養成一個基本習慣,就是儘可能拓展所遇到單詞的相關近義詞。而且,不僅要記單詞,背單詞,擴大詞彙量,更要學會去辨析,尤其對相似易混詞彙應進行重點學習,此乃擴充詞彙量的有效途徑。