2020年中考英語語法丨非謂語動詞常考考點匯總!



一.後面可跟動詞的ing形式的情況。

1.動詞:以下記住每一個詞組的第一個動詞。

finish doing sth.完成做某事;

enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事;

practice doing sth. 練習做某事;

imagine doing,想像做某事;

avoid doing sth.避免做某事;

consider doing sth.考慮做某事;

suggest doing sth.建議做某事;

mind doing sth.介意做某事;

keep doing sth.持續做某事,

miss doing錯過做,

advise doing建議做;

keep sb doing讓某人一直做

2.固定短語:

feel like doing sth.喜歡做某事;

be busy doing sth.忙於做某事;

be worth doing 值得做某事;

spend time (in) doing sth.

花費時間(金錢)做某事;

have difficult/trouble in doing sth

做某事有困難;

have fun doing.做某事高興

3. 介詞後(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等),如:

be good at doing sth.善長…

thank you for doing sth.為…而感謝

give up doing sth.放棄…

stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做…

do well in doing sth.善長…

be afraid of doing sth.擔心/害怕…

be interested in doing sth.對…感興趣

be proud of為……驕傲

instead of代替;而不是

be fond of喜歡…

what/how about doing sth?做某事怎麼樣?

4. to作介詞時,後跟動名詞的情況:

look forward to doing sth期望做某事;

prefer doing sth. to doing sth與…相比較更喜歡…;

pay attention to doing注意做某事;

be/get used to doing sth.習慣於做某事;

make a contribution to doing為…做貢獻

5. No+動名詞,表示禁令:

No smoking禁止吸煙

No parking禁止停車

6. go+動名詞,意思是去進行某種活動或運動:

go shopping,去購物;

go skating,去滑冰

go hiking去遠足(旅行)

go swimming

7. do some/the+動名詞,指進行某種活動:

do some cleaning,搞衛生;

do some washing 洗衣服;

二.後面可跟動詞的不定式形式的情況。

1.動詞:

agree (sb)to do同意去做;

afford to do買得起;

decide to do決定去做某事;

hope to do希望去做;

wish (sb)to do希望去做;

fail to do做某事失敗去;

plan to do打算去做;

pretend to do假裝去做;

refuse to do拒絕去做;

would like to do想要去做;

want (sb)to do想要去做某事;

learn to do 學做;

prefer to do sth. 喜歡(愛)做某事;

sb. seem to do sth好像做某事;

want/would like to do sth. 想做……;

used to do sth. 過去常做某事

2.句型:

(1)動詞:

allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人去做某事(區分 allow doing sth)

ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)

tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去(不要)做某事

follow sb. to do sth. 跟隨某人去做某事

get sb. to do sth. 讓某人去做某事

warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)

encourage sb to do鼓勵某人做 、expect sb to do期待某人做

invite sb to do邀請某人做、teach sb to do教會某人做

advise sb to do建議某人做 (區分下 advise/suggest doing sth)

(2) Be+adj(情感類的形容詞)+to do

be amazed to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝

be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事

be excited to do sth. 對做……感到興奮

be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事

be glad / happy to do sth. 高興去做某事

be / get ready to do sth.準備做某事

be sorry to do sth. 對做某事感到抱歉

be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚奇

(3)動詞不定式在句中作定語時一般都要放在所修飾名詞或代詞的後面。

如: 1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一個機會

2、the way to do sth 做某事的辦法

3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳時間

4、something to eat 一些吃的東西

5、something to drink 一些喝的東西

6、a lot of work to do 許多要做的工作

如: get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一個做某事的機會

(4) It’s+形容詞(adj.)+for(of) +sb +to do sth對某人來說做某事怎麼樣

 分析:形容詞(adj.)修飾文中的事情既to do sth時,人前的介詞用for ; 但是如果形容詞(adj.)修飾文中的人既sb時,人前面的介詞用of.

如:It’s hard for me to learn English well.(句子 hard 是修飾動詞不定式to learn english well,意為學好英語難,所以用的介詞是for sb.)

It’s kind of you to help me.(句中kind「善良的」修飾you(人) 意為你善良,所以介詞用of sb.)

(5)其它的常考情況:

It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花費某人多長時間做某事(常考)

It’s best for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說做某事是最好的

It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的時候了

can』t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事

too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… (和not… enough to do意思相同)

prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧願……而不願……(常考注意:I prefer playingbasketball to going fishing .和 I prefer to play basketball rather than go fishing.和I would rather play basketball than go fishing.這三句是同義句)

sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很難/容易

take turns to do sth. 輪流做……

There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 對(某人來說)沒時間做某事了

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 對某人來說沒必要做某事

try/do one’s best to do sth. 盡力去做某事

三、後既能跟不定式也能跟動名詞的情況。

1、後加不定式或動名詞意思相近的動詞。

有些動詞接動名詞V.+ing和動詞不定式to do意義相近。

如:like(喜歡),love(喜歡),hate(憎恨),prefer(寧可),begin(開始),start(開始),continue(繼續)等詞後加不定式或動名詞區別不大:

分析: like to do 表示想要做某一具體的動作; like doing 表示一般或抽象的多次動作, 它們在實際使用中區別很小。

2、後加不定式或動名詞區別較大的動詞:

remember to do(記住去做), remember doing(記得做過) ;

forget to do(忘記去做), forget doing(忘記做過) ;

try to do(設法做) , try doing(試著做) ;

go on to do(接著做另一事) , go on doing(繼續做同一事) ;

stop to do(停下來去做) , stop doing(停止做);

can』t help to do(不能幫助做) , can』t help doing(情不自禁做) 。

四、後跟不帶to的不定式(動詞原形)的情況。

1.在感官動詞和使役動詞後:feel, hear,listen to,watch,look at,see, notice,make,let,have等後跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時應省去不定式符號to。

注意:將此句改為被動句時,省去的不定式符號to應加上。 在動詞help後跟不定式作賓語或賓語補足語時,既可帶to,也可不帶to。

2.助動詞或情態動詞後:do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等後面接不帶to的動詞不定式。

3.某些固定句型中:

1)Will(Would)you please(not)...?請(不要)做某事好嗎?

2)had better最好做某事

3)Why not...?為何不做某事

4) would rather(not)...寧可(不);寧願(不)此句型也可以擴展成:would rather...than...=would...rather than...。

5)在祈使語氣(或口語)中。

6)接省to的動詞不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有:(使役動詞)

1.】make sb do 使某人做

2.】let sb.do讓某人做

3.】have sb do使某人做

4.】help sb do o do幫助某人做

五.既可跟動詞原形又可跟動詞ing形式的情況。

1. see,watch,hear等動詞,後面既可跟原形又可跟動名詞形式,跟原形時表示做過或經常做,跟動名詞時表示正在做:

see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做過(經常做)某事

see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事

hear sb. do sth.聽到某人做過(經常做)某事

hear sb. doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事

2. 有些動詞具有不同的詞義時,用法不同:

如: need需要,必須(既可以做實義動詞,也可做情態動詞)

sb need to do某人(做主語)需要做某事

sth need doing= sth need to be done某事(做主語)需要被做

如:The bike needs repairing.含被動之意,相當於 The bike needs to be repaired.

You needn』t(譯:不必)come。這裡need為情態動詞。

3. 動詞過去分詞作後置定語,有被動之意。

(1)一個叫…的(人,地名),如:

a boy called / named Jim.

a place called Liaoning.

a place called Dayushu.

(2)某人寫的書,如:

a book written by Lu Xun

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