afraid、scared 跟 fear 用法的區別

2020-08-04   傑瑞米英語

原標題:afraid、scared 跟 fear 用法的區別

人在生活中會產生許多情緒,而其中害怕、恐懼的情緒如何表達呢?常常聽到的 afraid、scared 跟 fear 又該如何區分?你也有過這樣的疑惑嗎?

請問這句:He is afraid of the monster living under his bed.(他會怕住在他床底下的怪物。)這邊的 is afraid of 可以改成 is scared of 或是 fears 嗎?

今天就為大家一解心頭之惑吧。

afraid 的用法

首先 afraid 的詞性是形容詞,可以廣泛地代表所有害怕的情緒,用法是 be afraid of something / someone 或 be afraid to do something,舉些例子:

All the students in the school are afraid of the strict math teacher.
這個學校里的所有學生都害怕那位嚴格的數學老師。

Although Kate has lots of questions, she is afraid to speak up in class.(雖然 Kate 有許多的疑問,但她害怕在課堂中發言。)註:要注意,afraid 雖然是形容詞,但是不會放在名詞前面修飾。

此外,afraid 還有另一種意思是「恐怕」、「很遺憾地」,用來委婉地、禮貌地說出壞消息或反對意見,也來看兩個例子:

I』m afraid I won』t be able to make it to our Friday dinner this week.
我恐怕沒辦法出席我們這禮拜五晚上的聚餐。
I』m afraid we』ve run out of the special edition cupcakes for the day.
很遺憾地,我們的特別版杯子蛋糕今天已經售完了。

除此之外,afraid 還有一種相當常見的慣用法,也就是 I』m afraid so. (= Yes.) 或 I』m afraid not. (= No.)。

I'm afraid so. 表示 Yes.,但語氣比較委婉,類似我們中文說的「恐怕是這樣、恐怕如此」。I'm afraid not. 表示 No.,語氣同樣比較委婉,表達「恐怕不行、恐怕不可以唷」。比如說:

A: Did he turn down your offer?
他拒絕了你的提議嗎?
B: I』m afraid so.
恐怕是。
A: Am I allowed to push back the deadline?
我可以把期限延長嗎?
B: I』m afraid not.
恐怕不行。

scared 的用法

接下來 scared 的詞性也是形容詞,意思是「恐慌的」、「在恐懼中的」、「被嚇到的」,用法是 be scared of something / someone 或 be scared to do something,例如:

She was so scared of cockroaches that she slept with all the lights on.
她怕蟑螂怕到連睡覺時全部的燈都會開著。
Jacob doesn』t like living in Japan, because he is extremely scared of earthquakes.
Jacob 因為極度害怕地震所以不喜歡住在日本。
Hank is scared to go to the dentist because he hasn』t been brushing his teeth daily.
Hank 因為沒有天天刷牙所以害怕去看牙醫。

fear 的用法

至於 fear,是指「恐懼」這種情緒。那要注意,它是當名詞用或是動詞用。用法是: someone’s fear of something / someone 或 fear something ,來看幾個例子:

His fear of being caught cheating by his teacher haunted him in his dreams.
被老師抓到在作弊的恐懼使他作惡夢。
Peter’s fear of gaining weight stopped him from eating his third piece of cake.
Peter 對於體重增加的恐懼使他沒有吃下第三塊蛋糕。
People in China fear the number four.
中國人害怕四這個數字。
The members of the group fear that their illegal plans may be overheard someday.
團體中的成員害怕他們的非法計劃將有一天被聽到。

現在回到一開始的問題,He is afraid of the monster living under his bed. 是否可以改成 is scared of 或是 fears,答案是:可以。不過因為詞性不完全相同,所以改寫的時候要注意。

可以改成:He is scared of the monster living under his bed. 或者是 He fears the monster living under his bed.。

所以說 afraid 跟 scared 都是形容詞,也都表示「害怕的」,但差別是只有 afraid 可以表達「恐怕」,且不可以放在名詞前面修飾;至於 fear 也表達「害怕」,但在詞性上是動詞或名詞,使用時要特別注意。