1. officer, official
officer部隊的軍官，
official政府官員 ：an army officer
2. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可數，job可數
a good job
3. cook, cooker
cook廚師，cooker廚具
He is a good cook.
4. problem, question
problem常和困難連繫，前面的動詞常為think about, solve, raise，question常和疑問連繫，多和ask, answer連用
5. a number of, the number of
a number of許多，謂語動詞用複數。
the number of…的數目，謂語動詞用單數。
The number of students is increasing.
6. clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes統指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是複數， cloth指布，為不可數名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
7. amount, number
amount後接不可數名詞， number後接可數名詞 a number of students
8. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音
I hate the loud noise outside.
9. cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事實或現象的直接原因，後接of sth./doing sth，reason用來解釋某種現象或結果的理由，後接for sth./doing sth.（ the reason for being late ）
10. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise運動，鍛鍊（不可數），exercises練習（可數），practice（反覆做的）練習 （Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧）
11. chick, chicken
二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當雞肉 The chicken is delicious.
12. trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍長的旅途，voyage指海上航行
a three-day trip
13. in front of, in the front of
in front of範圍外的前面，
in the front of範圍內的前面（ In the front of the room sits a boy. ）
14. three of us, the three of us
three of us我們（不止三個）中的三個，
the three of us我們三個（就三個人）
The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
15. by bus, on the bus
by bus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on the bus表範圍 （They went there by bus. ）
16. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment 片刻，一會兒，
for the moment暫時，一時
Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
17. in a word, in words
in a word總之，一句話，
in words口頭上
In a word, you are right.
18. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替，
in the place of在…地方
A new building is built in the place of the old one.
19. go to sea, by sea, by the sea
go to sea當海員，出航，
by sea乘船，由海路，
by the sea在海邊
go by sea
20. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher
the doctor and teacher指一個人，既是醫生又是老師，
the doctor and the teacher兩個人，一個醫生和一個老師
21. in office, in the office
in office在職的，
in the office在辦公室里
He is in office, not out of office.
22. in charge of, in the charge of
in charge of管理，負責照料，
in the charge of由……照料
He is in charge of the matter.
The matter is in the charge of her.
23. out of question, out of the question
out of question毫無疑問的，
out of the question不可能的
24. a second, the second
a second又一，再一，
the second第……
He won the second prize.
25. by day, by the day
by day白天，
by the day按天計算
The workers are paid by the day.
26. it, one
it同一物體，one同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
27. none, nothing, no one
none強調有多少，nothing, no one強調有沒有，nothing指物，no one指人 --- How many…/How much…? --- None.
28. other, another
other後接名詞複數，another後接名詞單數 other students, another student
29. not a little, not a bit
not a little非常，not a bit一點也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一點兒也不累。
30. many, much, a lot of
many和可數名詞連用，much和不可數名詞連用，a lot of可數，不可數均可，但不用於否定句 I haven't many books.
31. no, not
no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water
32. no more than, not more than
no more than相當於only，僅僅，只有，not more than 至多，不超過
33. tall, high
tall常指人或動物，high常指物體 He is tall.
34. fast, quickly
fast側重於指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點，quickly側重指某事完成或發生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly
35. high, highly
high具體的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of
36. sleeping, asleep, sleepy
sleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
37. respectful, respectable
respectful尊敬，有禮貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged
38. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
pleasant常用作定語，pleased, pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.
39. close, closely
close接近，靠近，closely緊緊地，緊密地 closely connected, stand close
40. ill, sick
ill做表語，sick定語，表語均可 a sick boy
41. good, well
good形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.
42. hard, hardly
hard努力，hardly幾乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.
43. late, lately
late遲，晚，lately最近，近來 I haven't seen him lately.
44. living, alive, live, lively
living, alive, live均為活著的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語後置，live只能做定語，lively意為活波的 all the living people=all the people alive
45. excited, exciting
excited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.
46. deep, deeply
deep具體的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep
47. before long, long before
before long不久以後，long before很久以前 not long before = before long
48. instead, instead of
instead是副詞，放在句首或句末，instead of是介詞短語，放在句中He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.
49. too much, much too
too much 後接不可數名詞，much too後接形容詞 much too heavy
50. raise, rise
raise及物動詞，rise不及物動詞 The sun rises in the east.
51. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring拿來，take帶走，carry隨身攜帶，fetch去回這一往返動作 fetch a box of chalk
52. spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主語，花錢，花時間; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主語，花時間; pay人做主語，花錢，pay for; cost物做主語，花錢
53. join, join in, take part in
join加入某個組織，並成為其中的一員；join in參加小型的活動, join sb. in；take part in 參加大型的活動 He joined the army five years ago.
54. leave, leave for
leave離開，leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.
55. used to, be used to
used to過去常常，be used to習慣於，後接sth./doing sth.；被用來，後接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.
56. win, lose, beat
win後接sth.，反義詞為lose, beat後接sb. win the game, beat them
57. live on, live by
live on以…為主食，live by靠…謀生 live on fish/ live by fishing
58. lose, miss
lose失去（具體的物體），錯過 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，錯過sth. is missing, miss the chance
59. be tired of, be tired with/from
be tired of厭煩…，be tired with/from因為…而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters
60. care about, care for
care about關心，計較，在乎，一般多用於否定句中；care for關心，照料，喜歡，願意 He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
61. feed, raise
feed喂養，養活，飼養 (to give food to)， raise飼養，養育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family
62. mean to do, mean doing
mean to do打算，想要做某事，mean doing意思是，意味著 By this I mean giving the students more practice.
63. a girl, one girl
a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一個女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?
64. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.
65. in secret, in the secret
in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語；in the secret知道內情，知道秘密，一般用作表語 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
66. take a chair, take the chair
take a chair相當於sit down坐下，take the chair開始開會
67. die from, die of
die from表示死於（槍）傷，虛弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等
die of表示死於疾病，飢餓，寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素
die of hunger and cold
68. pay for, pay back, pay off
pay for為…付錢
pay back還錢，但不一定還清
pay off還清
pay for the book, pay off the debt
69. arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物動詞，後接in (大地點)，at(小地點)，get不及物動詞後接to，reach及物動詞： arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
70. manage, try
manage to do設法做成了某事
try to do盡力去做某事但不一定成功
He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
71. be familiar to, be familiar with
be familiar to某物對某人來說是熟悉的
be familiar with某人熟悉某物
The book is familiar to me.
I'm familiar with the book.
72. agree with, agree to, agree on
agree with同意某人，
agree to同意某事
agree on在…上達成一致意見，主語是複數
agree with you, agree to the plan
73. receive, accept
receive收到某一東西，但不一定接受
accept接受
I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
74. wear, put on, dress
wear和dress表狀態
wear接衣服等,可用進行時，
dress接人,be dressed in與put on表動作
It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
75. listen, hear
listen強調動作，hear強調結果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
76. look, see, watch
look看的動作，see看的結果，watch強調所看物體的變化、移動和發展：watch TV
77. lie, lay
lie：躺、位於(lay, lain)、說謊(lied, lied)
lay平放(laid, laid)： lay the book
78. hurt, injure, wound
hurt感情上受傷
injure事故中受傷
wound戰爭中受傷
He was wounded in the war.
79. turn, get, grow
turn表突變，後常接表顏色的詞，get強調變的結果，grow強調過程，逐漸的變化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big
80. happen, take place
happen偶然性的沒有預料到的事情的發生，take place必然性的發生 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
81. at, in (表地點)
at小地點，in大地點 arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai
82. increase to, increase by
increase to增長到…，increase by增長了… The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.
83. since, for (完成時間狀語)
since接點時間或一句話，for接一段時間 for three years, since 3:00
84. on earth, on the earth, in the earth
on earth在世上，在人間，到底，究竟，一點也不，on the earth在地上，在地球上，in the earth在地下，在泥土裡 no use on earth
85. in surprise, to one's surprise
in surprise驚奇地，to one's surprise使某人吃驚的是，
86. in the air, on the air, in the sky
in the air正在醞釀中，on the air播送，廣播，in the sky在天空中 His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.
87. through, across
through穿越空間，across在…上穿過 through the forest, across the desert
88. on the way, in the way
on the way在前往…的路上，in the way擋路 The chair is in the way.
89. above, on, over
above在上面，不接觸，on在上面，接觸，over在正上方 fly over the hill
90. until, not…until
until到…為止， not…until直到…才（常跟點動詞連用）I waited until 3:00. He didn't come until 3:00.
91. besides, except, except for
besides除了…還（包括在內）except除了（不包括在內），except for整體…除了某一點以外 The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
92. whether, if
當是否解時，只有在賓語從句中二者可以互換，其餘都用whether，當如果解時用if I don't know if/whether he will come. If he comes, I'll let you know.
93. because, since, as, for
原因由強到弱為：because, since/as, for. 在句中的位置如下：1)…because… 2) Since/as…, … 3) …, for… Since I was ill, I didn't go.
94. when, as, while (表時間)
when從句動詞點動詞，持續性動詞均可，as重在表示動作同時發生，伴隨進行，while從句動詞為持續性動詞 While I slept, a thief broke in.
95. the same…as, the same…that
the same…as和…一樣的（相似但不同一）， the same…that 同一物體 This is the same pen that I used yesterday. (同一支筆)
96. as well, as well as
as well也，常放於句末，和and連用表示既…又；as well as並列連詞，不但…而且… He is a professor, and a writer as well.
97. such…as, such…that
such…as像…樣的，such…that如此…以至於 He is not such a fool as he looks like. He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.
99. because, because of
because連詞，連接兩句話，because of介詞短語，後接詞或短語 He didn't go to school because of his illness.
100. in order that, in order to
表目的，in order that後接句子，in order to後接動詞原形 ：
I got up early in order to catch the first bus.
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
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