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1、目的狀語
(1)、引導目的狀語的結構：to do/ so as to do/ in order to do/ in order that/ so that.
引導結果狀語的結構：to do/ so + 形容詞；副詞+ as to do/ so + 形容詞；副詞；分詞；(限定詞+ 名詞) +that/ such + (單數；複數；不可數)名詞+ that/ so (that)
(2)、order作「訂購」講時，只用陳述語氣。如：I have ordered a set of books for the students each
(3)、不用order to do something, 要改為從句。
(4)、in order to/ so as to表示目的，so … as to/ enough to/ too … to表示結果，作目的狀語的否定結構避免單獨使用not to do來表達，要用so as not to/ in order not to。
(5)、so that 和in order that (正式語體)，意思為「以便，使能夠，為的是」，主從句的主語相同與否均可，目的狀語從句中常用情態動詞can, could, may, might, will, would, should 等。如：I got up early so that I (caught) could catch the train. 主從句的主語一致可轉換成不定式in order to 或so as to ，句子的主語通常是不定式的邏輯主語。so as to, so that, in order that表示目的，不能放在句首。
練習：
In order to make our city green, ___.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many trees need to plant
C. our city need more trees D. we must plant more trees
___ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock.
A. So as to sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept
In my opinion, you』d better eat and sleep more ___ lose any more weight.
A. so as to B. in order not to C. to not D. so that not to
Dad, why are you always busy with your work every day? ___ our life easier and better.
A. Make B. Making C. To make D. To be making
___ admitted to famous universities, parents should try to cure their children ___ bad habits.
A. In order to be; from B. So as to be; of C. So as to be; from D. In order to be; of
2、 as從句
在as引導的非限制性定語從句中，連接代詞as在句子中可以作主語、賓語或表語等，可以指人或物。其在定語從句中的位置比較靈活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中間或句子末尾。常用的結構有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
注意：
as通常只指整個句子的內容，不表示部分內容。
as引導的非限制性定語從句通常指「事先可以預料到的」「料想到的」，表達「好」的方面。
as引導限制性定語從句時，常構成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等結構。在從句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整個句子。
例如：
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過你，這也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說話的樣子可明顯看出，他是個老師。
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那樣偶然想起的主意是無用的。
It’s the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 這故事跟我從她那兒聽到的相同。
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要儘可能找漂亮的女孩結婚。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. 那些對世界做出巨大貢獻的人們應該受到極大的尊重。
練習：
___ many developing countries, China is in great need of science and technology.
A. As B. as with C. Which is the case with D. As like
___ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
___ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
___ other developing countries, China need bring in advanced technology from developed countries.
A. As B. as if C. As with D. Like the
___ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
___ is known to all, China will be an ___ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years』 time.
A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As advanced
D. It; advancing
___ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
3、疑問詞加不定式
(1)、「疑問詞加不定式」在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語等，不能作狀語。它通常可以相當於一個從句。如：I don』t know what to do = I don』t know what I should do. 疑問詞必須位於不定式前，疑問代詞what, which, whom作不定式的賓語，疑問副詞where, when, how作不定式的狀語，不定式必須用主動形式。
(2)、在這個結構中，不定式中的動詞必須是及物的，不及物動詞應該加上相應的介詞。有些動詞之後適合接這個結構作賓語，否則句意不完整。
(3)、這類動詞常用的有16個，可藉助下面的口訣來記憶：知道記住忘理解；想知解釋查明白；決定告訴想考慮；討論表明問和學 (know, remember, forget, understand, wonder, explain, find out, see, decide, tell, think of/ about, consider, discuss, show, learn, ask)。
練習：
Last summer I took a course on ___.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
The mother didn』t know ___ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ___.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
I never thought there would be so many cameras ___, so I couldn』t decide ___.
A. to choose from; which to buy B. for choosing; what to buy
C. to choose from; to buy which D. to be chosen; which to bought
___ is very important.
A. Solve the problem B. How to solve the problem
C. How to be solved the problem
D. What to deal with the problem
It’s high time we considered ___ to prevent more air pollution.
A. doing what B. what to do C. how to do D. what should we do
He gave me some advice on how ___ English.
A. studying B. study C. to study D. should I study
4、雙重問句
（1）、複雜的特殊疑問句，又叫雙重疑問句，它融一般疑問句與特殊疑問句於一體。
（2）、本句型分為兩部分：第一部分為一般疑問句；第二部分為特殊疑問句，但其疑問代（副）詞要放在句首。如: We haven』t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose has happened to her?
（3）、注意事項：
1)、特殊疑問句雖被分割，但仍是一個整體。中間的do you suppose似乎像是插入語。
2)、第二部分並不是嚴格意義上的特殊疑問句，因為有了do you suppose，它不再使用疑問句語序，而要用陳述句語序。如：Why do you suppose the accident has happened?
3)、句子的重心在第二部分，雖有do you suppose存在，不能用yes，no回答。與特殊疑問句相同，要根據疑問詞做具體的、針對性回答。如可回答：The accident happened because of the driver’s carelessness / because the driver was careless. 也可用I/ We think (believe, expect, suppose, imagine, guess) so. 進行肯定簡略回答或用I don』t think (believe, suppose, imagine)./ I believe (suppose, imagine, hope, guess) not. 進行否定簡略回答。
練習：
___ be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
___ you have seen both fighters, ___ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
Where do you think ___ gone?
A. has he B. he has C. does he have D. he have
Who do you suppose ___ to him?
A. phoning B. had phoned C. phoned D. is phone
Where do you believe ___? We can』t find him anywhere.
A. has he gone B. he has gone
C. has he been D. he has been to
___ Tom ___?
A. Who do you think; will get married to
B. Do you think whom; will get married with
C. Do you think when; marry to
D. Do you think of whom; be married to
I haven』t heard from Henry for a long time. What do you suppose ___ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. had happened
5、狀語從句的省略
（1）、當某些表示讓步、時間、條件的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同，且謂語動詞又包含be動詞，那麼這種狀語從句中的主謂都可省略。由單詞 though, when, while, if, till, until等引導的狀語從句可省略。如：The article is very important though (it is) short.
When (he was) still a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.
Do not leave the machine till (you are) told to do so.
If (he is) too old to work much, the retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighborhood affairs.
（2）、若從句的主語是it，謂語是系動詞 be，可省去 it be。如：If (it is) necessary, write to me.
練習：
When ___ in the street, he came across one of his friends.
A. was walking B. walked C. walking D. to be walking
The men will have to wait all day ___ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
She said she would do ___ help you.
A. all what could to B. what she could C. as much as she could to
D. as possible as she could to
We have come to the conclusion ___ this summer will be much better than before.
A. for B. but C. that D. when
Unless ___ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
Once ___, it will never be forgotten.
A. visited B. visiting C. visits D. visit
Once ___, the book will be very popular.
A. published B. being published C. publishing D. publish
The new machine, if ___ properly, will serve us for at least 10 years.
A. use B. used C. using D. to use
They got married after ___ in love with each other for 3 years.
A. having fallen B. having been C. fell D. were
責編 | 楊寧
審稿 | 李棟
校稿 | 呂放
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