20190723-這是第18篇
When dog owners experience a long period of stress, they are not alone in feeling the pressure. Their dogs feel it, too.
當狗主人在經歷一段長期的精神壓力時,並不是只有他們自己在承受壓力,他們的狗也感同身受。
- experience stress=feel the pressure=during stressful experiences(後)
- experience 動詞經歷、感受;體驗
- a long period of =long term
- press on 困擾,嚴重影響
- pressure un.壓力 pressure may be the thing that causes stress.
- stress 可變名詞 精神壓力;心理負擔;緊張stresses
- stressful壓力大的,令人緊張的
- strain, stress, pressure, tension 這些名詞均有「壓力,重壓,緊張」之意。
- strain 指某人為克服外力界壓力而造成的身心和情緒等方面的壓抑。用於物時,指任何力或合力作用於一個物體上面造成的應變。
- stress 側重指承受外來的壓力,也指由於某種原因而引起的心理、生理或情緒上的緊張。
- pressure 在科學上,指單位面積上所受到的壓力。用於引申時,指某事物所產生的壓力或影響力等。
- tension 多指因關係不好或其它原因而出現的緊張狀態,也指某物被過度伸展的程度或狀態。
- dog owners狗主人
- own擁有
- owing to因為,由於
- alone獨自地
- lonely孤獨的
That information comes from a new study published Thursday in Scientific Reports.
這一信息來自周四發表在《科學報告》上的一份新研究。
- 科學報告 scientific reports
- come from來自
Swedish scientists centered the research on 58 people who own border collies or Shetland sheepdogs. Both are traditionally herding dogs.
瑞典科學家對58名擁有博德牧羊犬或喜樂蒂牧羊犬的人進行了集中研究。兩種犬類都是傳統的牧羊犬。
- swedish瑞典的
- sweden瑞典
- center on對……進行集中研究
- central part(末尾)重要部分
- central 能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞最重要的;核心的
- centrality核心作用
- border collies邊牧
- colly牧羊犬=sheepdogs=herding dogs
- shetland sheepdogs喜樂蒂牧羊犬
- herding dogs牧羊犬
- herd驅趕,牧放(畜群)
- own擁有
The scientists examined hair from the dog owners and their dogs. They looked at the levels of a hormone called cortisol.
科學家對狗主人和狗的毛髮進行了檢測。他們觀察了一種名為「皮質醇」的激素的濃度。
- examine檢測
- look at 觀察=observe
- the levels of ……的濃度、水平
- hormone激素,荷爾蒙
- hormonal激素的
- cortisol皮質醇[ˈkɔːtɪsɒl]
- called=named名為
This chemical is released into the bloodstream during stressful experiences. Pieces of hair can take in this chemical.
這種化學物質在精神壓力時期會被釋放到血液中,能夠被毛髮吸收。release into/in 釋放到
- bloodstream血液
- stream 流
- streak條紋;條痕
- pieces of hair 頭髮
- pieces of equipment裝備
- take in 吸收
- chemical化學物質
Depression, extreme physical exercise and unemployment are just a few examples of stress causers that can affect the amount of cortisol released in humans,said Lina Roth of Sweden's Linkoping University.
抑鬱,極限體育運動以及失業只是引起壓力的幾種誘因,它們能影響人體皮質醇釋放的含量, 瑞典林雪平大學的莉娜・羅斯(Lina Roth)說道。
- depression抑鬱-despair-desperation-dissapointment
- extreme physical exercise極限體育運動
- unemployment事業
- causers誘因
- affect影響;使改變
- (疾病)侵襲,感染 If a disease affects someone, it causes them to become ill.
- effect-have an effect on 效果
- affect, influence, impress 這些動詞均含「影響」之意。
- affect 作主語通常是物而不是人,指一物對另一物產生的消極影響。
- influence 側重在思想、性格、行為等方面所產生的潛移默化的影響,也可指自然力的影響。
- impress 強調影響既深刻又持久。
- the amount of 含量(不可數)
- the number of ……的數量(可數)
- count計數
- in humans人體(沒有用body)
Roth and her team found that cortisol levels in the hair of dog owners closely matched levels found in their dogs.
羅斯和她的團隊發現,狗主人毛髮的皮質醇濃度與狗的皮質醇濃度非常接近。
- closely mathced 非常接近
- matched (數量或質量)比得上,與…不相上下,使一致
The researchers say this suggests their stress levels were in sync -- or connected.
研究人員表示,這表明他們的壓力水平是同步的,或者說相互關聯的。
- sync同步的
- out of /in sync不協調/協調;不同步/同步
- connected相互關聯的
Roth believes that the owners are influencing the dogs instead of dogs influencing their human owners.
羅斯認為,這是主人在影響狗,而不是狗影響主人。
- influence影響
- affect影響
- effect n
- instead of doing而不是
That is because there are human personality traits that also appear to affect dogs' cortisol levels.
這是因為人類的性格特徵似乎也會影響狗的皮質醇水平。
- human personality traits 人類一些性格特點
- trait可數名詞特徵;特點;特性
- appear to似乎
But, why is it that people influence their dogs and not the other way around?
但是,為什麼是主人影響狗,而不是反過來呢?
- the other way around
- 主語從句it is why that
It could be, Roth said in an email, because people are "a more central part of the dog's life, whereas we humans also have other social networks."
羅斯在一封電子郵件中解釋稱,原因可能在於人「是狗的生活中更重要的一部分,而我們人類還有其他的社交網絡。」
- 更重要的部分a more central part of
- whereas 而 [wɛːrˈaz]
- social networks 社交網絡