文:《一带一路报道》记者 向雯

谈起非洲，你是否还停留在战乱、落后的印象里？然而，有这样一个国家，在一百多年前就被称为“非洲代表、黑人希望”，这里是咖啡、高粱的故乡，这里也是马拉松运动员的摇篮。近年来，这个世界最不发达之一的国家连续多年发展速度位居非洲第一，它逐渐改变着人们对非洲的刻板印象，展现出欣欣向荣的新面貌……这个国家，就是埃塞俄比亚。

What does Africa look like in your mind? Poor? War-ridden? Yet a country there was given the title “the representative of Africa and the hope of the black” more than 100 years ago. It is home to coffee, sorghum and marathon runners. In recent years, this country, one of the least developed nations in the world, has been ranking first in Africa in terms of development speed for many years. Its flourishing economy is changing the stereotype about Africa. That country, is Ethiopia.

非洲屋脊上的“中国样板”

A “Chinese model” on the roof of Africa

对于在埃塞工作多年的孟红来说，埃塞近些年的变化，她感受颇深：“我亲身感受到了非洲特别是埃塞俄比亚的经济发展，有越来越多的中国人来这里寻找机会。”

For Meng Hong, who has been working in Ethiopia for many years, the changes here in recent years are quite impressive. “I’ve seen firsthand the economic development in Africa, especially in Ethiopia, and more and more Chinese people came here to look for opportunities,” she said.

在首都亚的斯亚贝巴，这种感受更加明显。车水马龙的闹市区有着宽阔的柏油车道，空中飞驰的轻轨，国家体育场、非洲联盟总部……据说，亚的斯亚贝巴60%的工程都由中国人完成，在这里几乎能找到中国建筑业的所有大型公司，中国企业正在逐渐改变着这座城市的天际线。

In Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, this kind of feeling is even more pronounced. In the busy downtown area, there are wide asphalt lanes, flying light rail, Addis Ababa Stadium and African Union headquarters. It is said that 60% of the projects in Addis Ababa are completed by Chinese people, and you can find almost all the major Chinese construction companies here. Chinese enterprises are gradually changing the skyline of the city.

如今，中国已毫无争议地成为了埃塞最大的投资国。英国《金融时报》对此评论，来自中国的企业和资本为埃塞的公路、铁路、大坝等注入了大量资源和资金，使埃塞实现了中国式的繁荣。美国财经媒体Quartz也用一句话作了总结：目前这里所发生的一切堪称经济奇迹。

Today, China is inarguably Ethiopia’s biggest investor. The British Financial Times commented that enterprises and capital from China have injected a lot of resources and funds into roads, railways and dams in Ethiopia, thus enabling Ethiopia to achieve a Chinese-style prosperity. Quartz, the US financial media, concluded that what’s happening here is an economic miracle.

与许多依赖矿产、石油资源繁荣起来的非洲国家不同，埃塞政治长期平稳，是非洲少数真正能利用起人口红利、发展劳动密集型产业的国家之一。

Unlike many other African countries that have prospered by relying on mineral and oil resources, Ethiopia has enjoyed long-term political stability and is one of the few countries in Africa that can truly take advantage of its demographic dividend to develop labor-intensive industries.

在国家工业落后的情况下，埃塞政府以中国模式为模板，积极发展基础设施建设和制造业，政府高层多次到中国考察学习。2010年，埃塞政府制订了该国首个“五年计划”，并放开绝大部分投资领域，同时积极依靠世界银行、非洲发展基金等援助，着力发展基础设施、能源和电信等基础性行业。

In view of the backward industry, the Ethiopian government has actively advanced infrastructure construction and manufacturing industry by drawing on experience of the Chinese model. The senior officials have visited China many times for study tours. In 2010, the Ethiopian government formulated the country’s first “Five-year Plan” and opened up most of its investment areas. At the same time, it actively sought assistance from the World Bank and African Development Fund to boost its infrastructure, energy, telecommunications and other basic industries.

在埃塞智库和宣传部门的强力推动下，埃塞国家电视台里，从新闻到其他节目中无不展示着“发展，发展，再发展”的理念，高速公路、水电大坝的镜头经常出现在各种节目中。

Under the strong impetus of Ethiopian think tank and publicity department, the concept of “development, development and development” is conveyed in all the news and other programs of the state television. Shots of highways and hydroelectric dams often appear in various programs.

正因如此，对外开放、出口加工、五年计划、基础建设……过去30年间中国人熟悉的一幕幕，正在这个遥远的非洲国家上演。许多到过埃塞的中国人都说，“这个国家，很像30年前的中国。”

Because of this, opening up, export processing, five-year plans, infrastructure construction and many other scenes familiar to the Chinese people in the past 30 years are now being staged in this remote African country. “This country looks like China 30 years ago,” said many Chinese who have visited Ethiopia.

一条铁路，拉动了一条经济带

A railway activates an economic belt

在中埃合作的众多项目中，亚吉铁路是其中最耀眼的“明星”。作为“一带一路”的标志性成果，亚吉铁路是非洲大陆上第一条全部采用中国标准和中国装备建设的电气化铁路。已经安全运营一年多的亚吉铁路，为当地旅客出行和货物运输都提供了极大便利。

Among the projects cooperated between China and Ethiopia, Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway is the brightest star. As a landmark achievement of the Belt and Road Initiative, Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway is the first electrified railway on the African continent built entirely with Chinese standards and equipment. It has been operating safely for more than a year, providing great convenience for local passengers and cargo transportation.

在埃塞人看来，亚吉铁路真正实现了国家之间的联通，使内陆国家埃塞俄比亚联通了吉布提，从而有了借助港口走向世界的契机。络绎不绝的旅客往来于两地之间，吉布提乘客阿卜杜是亚吉铁路的“铁粉”，每次去埃塞东部城市德雷达瓦都会选择亚吉铁路。他说，之前乘坐公共汽车到德雷达瓦要18个小时，而现在仅4个小时就能抵达，“和过去比简直是天壤之别！”

In the eyes of the Ethiopians, the inter-country connectivity was truly realized, and the landlocked country of Ethiopia was connected with Djibouti, thus having the opportunity to go global from the port. An endless stream of passengers travels between the two places. Abdou, a passenger from Djibouti, is a big fan of Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway and he takes it every time he goes to Dire Dawa, a city in the east of the country. He said that it used to take 18 hours by bus to get there, but now it takes only 4 hours. “It’s a far cry from the past,” he said.

而这样一组数据也说明了亚吉铁路的人气，截至2019年3月，亚吉铁路累计开行国际旅客列车403列，发送旅客15.5万人次；累计运送集装箱6.1万个，货物发送量约120万吨。

A set of data shows the popularity of Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway. By March 2019, 403 international passenger trains have been put into operation, undertaking 155,000 passenger trips. The railway has transported a total of 61,000 containers and delivered about 1.2 million tons of goods.

2018年6月，正值埃塞农忙时节。一场紧急的运输任务让中土埃塞俄比亚工程有限公司总经理李志远记忆深刻。

An urgent transportation mission in June 2018, the busy farming season in Ethiopia, is still impressive to Li Zhiyuan, general manager of CCECC Ethiopia Construction Private Limited Company.

由于埃塞是内陆农业国家，95%的进出口货物都需要通过吉布提的港口转运。农忙时节，约3万吨化肥却滞留在吉布提，用老办法运输肯定来不及，这让埃塞农业部门焦头烂额。好在那时亚吉铁路已经开通运营，于是他们主动找到运营团队，请求支援。

As a landlocked agricultural country, 95% of Ethiopia’s import and export goods need to be transferred through the port of Djibouti. Some 30,000 tons of chemical fertilizer were stuck in Djibouti, too late to be transported in the old way. That left Ethiopia’s agricultural department in hot water. The good news was that the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway had opened by then. So, they reached out to the operation team for support.

任务紧急，刻不容缓。亚吉铁路运营团队迅速行动。“我们先后开通了11列化肥运输专列，在不到一个月的时间内完成了运输任务，保障了埃塞农业生产的顺利进行。”李志远回忆道。

There was no time to lose. The rail operations team moved quickly. “We opened 11 special freight trains for the chemical fertilizer, and got everything done within a month, ensuring the smooth progress of Ethiopia’s agricultural production,” Li recalled.

如今，又到了让李志远和其团队忙碌的时候，这一次，李志远信心满满：“在最短的时间把大宗的化肥完成跨境运输，亚吉铁路毫无疑问是最好的选择。”

It is again a busy season for Li and his team, but he is confident this time. “To complete the cross-border transportation of bulk chemical fertilizer as quickly as possible, Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway is no doubt the best choice.”

依托于运输优势，铁路沿线的产业园也如雨后春笋般迅速增加。“目前，铁路沿线有10个左右的工业园在建设，其中有一多半已经完成投产。特别是埃塞这样对出口、外汇都有很大需求的国家，这条铁路能拉动沿线经济的发展，尤其是外向型经济发展。”李志远如是说。

Relying on transportation advantages, industrial parks along the railway have mushroomed. “At present, there are about 10 industrial parks under construction along the railway, more than half of which have been put into operation. For a country like Ethiopia which has great demand for exports and foreign exchange, this railway can boost the economy along the route, especially the export-oriented economy,” said Li.

合作的脚步永不停息

The pace of cooperation never stops

“互联互通是一条脚下之路，无论是公路、铁路、航路还是网路，路通到哪里，我们的合作就在哪里。”习近平主席的话为中埃合作指明了方向。两国在道路、能源、房建等领域都硕果累累。非洲第一大水坝、第一条轻轨、第一条中国标准的铁路……中埃携手书写了一个又一个“第一”。

“Connectivity is a path at our feet. Whether it is by road, rail, air or the internet, our cooperation is wherever the path leads.” President Xi Jinping’s words defined a direction for China-Ethiopia cooperation. The two countries have made great achievements in the fields of roads, energy and housing construction. The biggest dam in Africa, the first light rail and the first Chinese standard railway…China and Ethiopia have jointly achieved one breakthrough after another.

在亚的斯亚贝巴以西50公里的一片草原上，曲折蜿蜒的公路尽头，矗立着一座气势恢宏的变电站，这里是全球规模最大的500千伏变电站——埃塞俄比亚GDHA （复兴大坝）输变电工程Holeta变电站。远远望去，这群威风凛凛的“银甲兵士”，正尽职地守护着这片广袤的土地。

On a grassland 50 kilometers west of Addis Ababa, at the end of a winding road, stands an imposing transformer substation. It is the largest 500kV substation in the world, Holeta Substation, the Ethiopian GDHA (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) power transmission and transformation project. From a distance, this group of awe-inspiring “silver armored soldiers” is dutifully guarding the vast land.

与长达13个月的炽热阳光形成鲜明对比的是，埃塞电力供应曾经极度匮乏。2014年以前，全国发电装机容量仅为200 万千瓦，83%的人口无电可用，农村总电气化率低至6%，首都也只有三分之一的人能用上电，常能看到为了给手机充电，人们蜂拥排队的场景。

In stark contrast to 13 months of hot sunshine, Ethiopia’s electricity supply was severely scarce. Before 2014, the installed power generation capacity was only 2 million kilowatts, and 83% of the population had no access to electricity. The general electrification rate in the countryside was as low as 6%, and only 1/3 of people in the capital had access to electricity. People often queued up to charge their phones.

正是在这种能源和电力负荷极不均衡的背景下，可见由国家电网中国电力技术装备有限公司总承包的500千伏输变电工程，对推动埃塞经济发展、提升当地民众生活品质的意义有多么重大！

Given the extreme imbalance of energy and power load, the 500KV power transmission and transformation project undertaken by State Grid China Electric Power Equipment and Technology Co., Ltd. (CET) is of great significance for promoting Ethiopia’s economic development and improving local people’s lives.

“在埃塞国家电网示意图上，自西向东一条长长的红色输电线路直指青尼罗河，这就是GDHA500千伏输变电工程。它是当前非洲输电线路最长、电压等级最高、输送容量最大的输变电工程。”中方的运维项目现场执行经理金明光介绍道。

“On the schematic diagram of Ethiopia’s national grid, a long red transmission line running from west to east points to the Blue Nile. This is the GDHA 500 kV power transmission and transformation project, with the longest transmission line, the highest voltage level and the largest transmission capacity in Africa,” said Jin Mingguang, Chinese field executive manager of the operation and maintenance project.

如今，这座享誉非洲的输变电项目不仅对改善埃塞电网结构、解决埃塞首都地区电力供应紧张问题发挥着显著作用，而且对促进埃塞清洁能源外送和构建全球能源互联网均具有重要意义。

Today, this transmission and transformation project, which is well known in Africa, not only plays an important role in improving the structure of Ethiopia’s power grid and solving the problem of power supply shortage in the capital area, but also bears great significance in facilitating the clean energy export of Ethiopia and building the Global Energy Interconnection (GEI).

曾经的亚的斯亚贝巴，因为基础设施薄弱、交通不便，晚8点以后，整座城市便进入沉寂状态。现在，到晚上10点，依然有许多商店、餐馆还在营业之中……这样的活力离不开电力供应，也离不开一条轻轨的开通。

There was a time when Addis Ababa was silent after 8 p.m. because of its weak infrastructure and inconvenient transportation. Now, by 10 p.m., there are still many shops and restaurants open. Such vitality is inseparable from the power supply and the running light rail.

穿梭在繁忙城市之中的东非第一条城市轻轨——亚的斯亚贝巴城市轻轨，给这座“非洲屋脊”上的城市增添了一道亮丽风景线。“交通的便利意味着城市生活更加丰富，这座城市因轻轨而更加活跃。”深圳地铁集团埃塞俄比亚公司总经理王伟对此感受颇深。

The Addis Ababa Light Rail, East Africa’s first urban light rail system, is a sight to see on the roof of Africa. “Convenient transportation means more colorful urban life. The city is more active because of the light rail,” said Wang Wei, general manager of Ethiopia Company of Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd.

东非第一条轻轨、非洲最大的输变电工程、210米高的东非第一高楼……一大批中国建设的项目已成为亚的斯亚贝巴的新名片；落户于此的非洲联盟总部、联合国非洲经济委员会、多个援非NGO组织，也让亚的斯亚贝巴成为非洲国际外交的最前沿。埃塞俄比亚，正向世界展示着令人惊叹的蓬勃与活力。

The first light rail in East Africa, the largest power transmission and transformation project in Africa, the tallest building of 210 meters in East Africa…A host of Chinese-built projects have become Addis Ababa’s new name card. The headquarters of the African Union, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and a number of NGOs aiding Africa located here also put Addis Ababa at the forefront of Africa’s international diplomacy. Ethiopia is showing amazing dynamism and vitality to the world.

部分图片来源网络

编辑：王然

朗读：何阳

审核：李卉嫔

主编：邓灼