考生在各种语言考试的备考中,要掌握5000个最基本的词汇及相关词组。而除了掌握这些基本词汇的基本含义外,考生还应该分析掌握词汇之间的词义关系,如同义词、近义词、反义词等。以下十组近义词就是基本词汇中必须掌握的相关近义词。
data, message,information, 这三个名词都含有“资料、信息”之意。
(1)口头或书面的消息,报文,(电话答录机的)留言;指通过书写、谈话和信号等方式所进行的通讯“信息”。
I got a message you were trying to reach me.我收到一条消息,说你想跟我联系。
Would you like to leave a message?你要留言吗?
(2) idea of book, play, film, programme(艺术作品等的)启示,教益,寓意
The report's message was unequivocal.这份报告里传达出的信息明确无误。
The play's message is that right always triumphs.这出戏的主题思想是正义最终总是会取得胜利。
I think they got the message that this is wrong.我想他们已经明白这样做是错误的。
information指 facts , 信息;消息;见闻;情报
习惯用语 for your information告诉你,你要知道(用于生气地告知对方的错误)
For your information, I wasn't even there at the time!告诉你,我当时根本就不在那里!
soon, at once, right away,immediately, instantly, presently, directly, shortly,这八个副词或副词词组均有“立刻,马上”之意。
gather, judge,infer, deduce, conclude, 这五个动词均含“推断”之意。
to gather that …猜想;认为;了解到
I gathered that they were not going to eat with us.我想他们不会跟我们一起用餐了。
to gather from sth[ +expression, tone of voice ] 从…推断
I gather from his tone of voice that he's not very pleased.听他的口气,我觉得他不太高兴。
From his disjointed ramblings, I gathered he didn't like doctors much.我从他杂乱无章的絮絮叨叨推断,他不太喜欢医生。
How will they judge which is the most reliable?他们会如何来断定哪一个最可靠呢?
to judge that …认为…
The doctor judged that the man's health had, up to the time of the wound, been good.医生断定,直至受伤前,这名男子的身体状况一直很好。
to judge sth to be sth[ +failure, dangerous, necessary ] 断定…是…
The operation must be judged a failure.该手术肯定会被认定是一次失败的手术。
The UN withdrew its relief personnel because it judged the situation too dangerous.联合国认定形势过于危险,所以撤出了它所有的救援人员。
believe that ) 相信…
I judge that you speak the truth.我相信你说的是事实。
(1) to infer sth from sth从…推断出…
information from which he can infer the future course of events.他能从中推断出事件未来走向的信息
(2) to infer that …推断出…
We can infer that if the battery is dead, the horn will not sound.我们可以推断,如果电池用完了,喇叭也就不会响了。
I inferred from what she said that you have not been well.我根据她说的话推断,你身体一直不太好。
(3) ( hint, imply ) 意味着;暗示
The police inferred that they found her behaviour rather suspicious. 警方暗示,他们发现她的行为相当可疑。
I don't like what you're inferring.我不喜欢你的言外之意。
(4) ( indicate ) 表明;表示
His silence infers his guilt.他的沉默表明他很内疚。
(1) infer演绎;推论
He deduced this from his observations.他从观察中推断出了这一点。
She hoped he hadn't deduced the reason for her visit.她希望他没有推断出她这次造访的原因。
(2) to be deduced from sth从某事推断
The date can be deduced from references to historical events.日期是可以从提及历史事件之处推断出来的。
(3) to deduce that …推断出…
Alison had deduced that I wrote the letter.艾莉森已经推断出这封信是我写的。
(1) deduce ) 推断出;推论出;作出…结论
What do you conclude from that?你能从中推断出什么?
So what can we conclude from this debate?那么我们从这次辩论中可以得出什么结论?
What I ultimately concluded is simply that people here do too much.我最终得出的结论就是这里的人们做得太多。
(2) to conclude that …结论是…
Larry had concluded that he had no choice but to accept Paul's words as the truth.拉里断定自己别无选择,只能把保罗的话当成真的。
theme, topic,issue, subject,这四个名词均有“主题、话题”之意。
segregate, insulate ,isolate, separate,这四个动词均有“分开,分离,隔离”之意。
disease,illness, sickness, , complaint这四个名词均有“疾病”之意。
thought, notion, impression ,idea, concept, conception, 这五个名词均有“思想、观点、观念”之意。
identify, recognize, make out这三个动词(短语)均含“认出,识别”之意。
issue, distribute, publish这三个动词均有“发行,发出,发给”之意。
掌握这些近义词汇之间的搭配关系,如动词与介词,形容词与介词,形容词与名词等都是十分必要的。由此可见,各位亲在复习单词时,要养成一个基本习惯,就是尽可能拓展所遇到单词的相关近义词。而且,不仅要记单词,背单词,扩大词汇量,更要学会去辨析,尤其对相似易混词汇应进行重点学习,此乃扩充词汇量的有效途径。