Let’s embark on overseas farming

文：唐莉

近年来，中国农业从积极引进外资和增加境外投资两方面着力：今年6月，新版外资准入负面清单进一步放宽了农业领域外资准入，在2018年版允许外商投资小麦、玉米之外农作物种子生产的基础上，进一步取消了禁止外商投资野生动植物资源开发的规定，展现了扩大开放和推动农业优化发展的决心；截至2018年底，我国农业对外投资存量超过189.8亿美元，较2003年底增长了22倍，实施了850多个涉农项目，平均投资规模超过2000万美元，并逐渐向“一带一路”共建国家聚集。

In recent years, China’s agriculture has made great efforts to attract foreign investment and increase overseas investment: in June this year, the new negative list of foreign investment access further relaxed the foreign investment access in agriculture. On the basis of allowing foreign investment in seed production of crops other than wheat and corn in the 2018 edition, the ban on foreign investment in wild animal and plant resources development was further lifted, demonstrating China’s determination to expand opening-up and promote the optimal development of agriculture; by the end of 2018, China’s agricultural foreign investment stock had exceeded 18.98 billion US dollars, up 22 times from the end of 2003. China has implemented more than 850 agriculture-related projects, with an average investment scale of more than 20 million US dollars, and gradually gathered in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) co-construction countries.

从“引进来”到“走出去”，从到海外种地到建立全产业链农业产业园区，从重“量”的积累到保“质”的提升，中国农业走出了一条从单打独斗到跨国合作，一段从自给自足到互帮互助的发展之旅。

From “bringing in” to “going global”, from overseas farming to the establishment of a full industrial chain agricultural industrial park, from the accumulation of “quantity” to the promotion of “quality”, China’s agriculture has stepped out of a journey from single-handedness to cross-border cooperation and from self-sufficiency to mutual assistance and development.

走，到海外种地去

Let’s embark on overseas farming

刘进（化名）是来自黑龙江的一名企业家，他在俄罗斯远东地区经营着36万亩土地。“俄罗斯有大片无人耕种的土地。”刘进说，“这个国家很需要像我们这样，懂得如何种田的人。”

Liu Jin (pseudonym) is a business man from Heilongjiang Province who runs 360,000 mu of land in Russian Far East. “Russia has a large area of uncultivated land,” Liu Jin said, “and this country needs people like us who know how to farm.”

中国人到哪里似乎都有浓厚的种地情结，看不得土地荒废着，总希望那上面能长出点儿什么，农作物也好，青草也罢。而似乎没有什么土地是擅长种地的中国人种不了的，在非洲沙漠里种植水稻，在海边盐碱地里种出瓜果，在荒岛种植蔬菜自给自足……

The Chinese people seem to have a strong feeling of farming wherever they go. They cannot stand the sight of the land lying fallow, and always hope that something can grow on it, whether it is crops or grass. It seems that no land is untillable to Chinese people who are good at farming. They managed to grow rice in the African desert, melons and fruits in the saline-alkali land by the sea, and vegetables on desert islands...

广阔的土地、便宜的劳动力、稀缺的供应，海外种地成为一个颇具发展潜力的领域，早就看中海外种地发展潜力的不仅刘进一人。

With vast land, cheap labor force, and scarce supply, overseas farming has become an area with great development potential. Liu Jin is not the only one who has long valued the development potential of overseas farming.

2018年1月，来自山西省阳泉市的李贵林走进蒙古国广袤的田野里，规划着未来的蓝图。1月的蒙古国寒气逼人，滴水成冰，平均气温在-20℃左右，可作为盂县乌河农业开发有限公司董事长的李贵林却在这冰天雪地里浑身冒汗，从两个月前公司在蒙古国种植的16万亩油菜全部收获到现在，李贵林每天都要会见不同的油料加工企业代表，洽谈订购油菜籽事宜。自2011年与蒙古国AGC农业有限公司达成合作协议，共同投资开发蒙古国农业项目以来，李贵林已经成为蒙古国的种植大户。几年来，孟县乌河农业开发有限公司在保证国内农产品加工企业优质原料来源，提高国内农产品加工龙头企业生产经营能力的同时，还为蒙古国解决了土地荒芜、人员就业等问题，并为蒙古国发展现代农业注入了新活力。

In January 2018, Li Guilin from Yangquan City, Shanxi Province stepped into Mongolia’s vast fields and planned the blueprint for the future. Mongolia is cold and icy in January, with an average temperature around -20℃. However, Li Guilin, Chairman of Wuhe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Yu County, was sweating all over in this cold and icy weather: since the 160,000 mu of rape planted by the company in Mongolia two months ago has been fully harvested, Li Guilin has met with representatives of different oil processing enterprises every day to discuss ordering rapeseed. Since reaching a cooperation agreement with Mongolia Agriculture Co., Ltd. in 2011 to jointly invest in the development of Mongolia’s agricultural projects, Li Guilin has become a major grower in Mongolia. Over the past few years, Wuhe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Yu County has not only ensured the source of high-quality raw materials for domestic agricultural products processing enterprises and improved the production and operation capacity of domestic leading agricultural products processing enterprises, but also solved the problems of barren land and employment for Mongolia and injected new vitality into the development of modern agriculture in Mongolia.

2015年，辽宁三和矿业投资有限公司与刚果(金)政府达成合作意向，在刚果(金)利卡西市投资兴建了刚果(金)农场，种植水稻1500亩、棕榈树25万棵。如今，农场已发展成为刚果(金)最大的棕榈油及相关副产品生态农业园。

In 2015, Liaoning’s Sanhe Mining Investment Co., Ltd. reached an agreement with the government of Congo (DRC) to invest in the construction of a Congo (DRC) farm in Congo (DRC)’s Likasi, planting 1,500 mu of rice and 250,000 palm trees. Today, the farm has developed into the largest palm oil and related by-products eco-agricultural garden in Congo (DRC).

……

“一带一路”倡议提出以来，到海外种地更是成为一种潮流，尤其在“一带一路”沿线国家。沿线国家具有丰富的农业资源，为中国农业“走出去”带来市场。截至2018年底，中国在“一带一路”沿线国家投资的农业合作项目达657个。而粮食种植产业链有望成为重点合作领域，预计“一带一路”种植业产业链合作的市场空间约在5500亿元以上。

Since the BRI was put forward, overseas farming has become a trend, especially in BRI countries. The BRI countries have rich agricultural resources, bringing markets for China’s agriculture to go global. By the end of 2018, China had invested 657 agricultural cooperation projects in BRI countries. The grain planting industry chain is expected to become a key area of cooperation. It is estimated that the market space for cooperation in the BRI planting industry chain is about 550 billion yuan or more.

当然，随着中国农业的发展，不少涉农龙头企业不再满足于单一的种植业，他们将种植与农产品深加工、物流等融于一体，建设农业全产业链合作园区，农业“走出去”更显根深叶茂。

With the development of China’s agriculture, many leading agriculture-related enterprises are no longer satisfied with a single planting industry. They integrate planting with deep processing of agricultural products and logistics, and build a cooperative park for the whole agricultural industry chain, enabling agriculture “going global” even more deeply rooted.

农场升级版！建农业合作区

Farm upgrade! Build agricultural cooperation zones

在吉尔吉斯斯坦首都比什凯克以东60公里的楚河谷地，河南贵友实业集团董事长张金洲经营着一座大型农场——亚洲之星农业产业合作区。温室蔬菜大棚内，瓜果飘香，蔬菜鲜嫩；现代化鸡舍里，数十万只肉鸡、蛋鸡，鸡声鼎沸。“在吉尔吉斯斯坦，居民餐桌上每消费两只鸡，就有一只来自亚洲之星合作区。”亚洲之星合作区副经理张世威说。

In the Chu River valley, 60 kilometers east of Kyrgyzstan’s capital Bishkek, Zhang Jinzhou, Chairman of Henan Guiyou Industrial Group, runs a large farm, the Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone. In the vegetable greenhouse, melons and fruits are fragrant and vegetables are fresh and tender; in the modernized chicken houses, hundreds of thousands of broiler chickens and laying hens are clucking. “In Kyrgyzstan, for every two chickens consumed, one comes from the Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone,” said Zhang Shiwei, Deputy Manager of Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone.

从八年前闲置十多年的荒废农场，到如今建成种植、养殖、屠宰、加工等多个厂区，集牛羊屠宰生产线、食品深加工生产线、印刷包装、冷链物流等于一体的全产业链发展模式，亚洲之星合作区已成为中亚地区产业链最完整、基础设施最完善的农业产业合作区。2016年8月，中国认定了10个境外园区为首批境外农业合作示范区建设试点，亚洲之星农业产业合作区就是其中之一。

From the abandoned farms that were idle for more than a decade 8 years ago to the many factories that have now been built for planting, breeding, slaughtering and processing, the whole industrial chain development mode integrates cattle and sheep slaughtering production line, food deep processing production line, printing and packaging, and cold chain logistics. The Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone has become the agricultural industry cooperation zone with the complete industrial chain and infrastructure in Central Asia. In August 2016, China identified 10 overseas parks as the first batch of overseas agricultural cooperation demonstration zone construction pilots, of which Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone has a place.

其他的境外农业合作区也不断结出硕果。

Other overseas agricultural cooperation zones have also continued to bear fruit.

塔吉克斯坦-中国农业合作示范区实现了中国与塔吉克斯坦在农业领域的深度合作，吸引上下游企业来塔投资，逐步完善“两园三基地”格局，形成了上下游联动的劳动密集型产业集群，带动当地就业4000余人，年缴纳税费1000万美元以上，实现了农业产品就地加工转换，产品销往西亚、欧洲等地区，促进了中西亚等国的互联互通。

Tajikistan-China Agricultural Cooperation Demonstration Zone has realized in-depth cooperation between China and Tajikistan in the agricultural field, attracting upstream and downstream enterprises to invest in Tajikistan, gradually improving the pattern of “two gardens and three bases”, forming a labor-intensive industrial cluster linking upstream and downstream, creating more than 4,000 jobs for the local people, paying more than 10 million US dollars in taxes and fees annually, realizing the on-site processing and conversion of agricultural products, selling products to West Asia, Europe and other regions, and promoting connectivity among Central and Western Asian countries.

柬埔寨-中国热带生态农业合作示范区的香蕉种植实现了现代化、规模化生产，并连获丰收。示范区以香蕉产业为突破口，探索建立符合当地实际的产业标准，并向我国成功申请了香蕉出口资质。

Cambodia-China Tropical Ecological Agricultural Cooperation Demonstration Zone has achieved modernization and large-scale production of banana cultivation, with a bumper harvest. Taking the banana industry as a breakthrough point, the demonstration zone has been exploring the establishment of industry standards in line with local conditions and has successfully applied for banana export qualification to China.

……

2019年的中央一号文件对境外建立农业合作区发出了明确积极的信号，“要加大境外农业合作示范区和农业对外合作试验区建设力度，引导企业到‘一带一路’共建国家和地区建设农产品生产、加工、仓储、物流基地”。这无疑给“走出去”的中国涉农企业打了一剂“强心针”。

Central Document No.1 of 2019 sends a clear and positive signal to the establishment of agricultural cooperation zones abroad. The document proposes to strengthen the construction of overseas agricultural cooperation demonstration zones and agricultural foreign cooperation experimental zones, and guide enterprises to build agricultural production, processing, storage and logistics bases in BRI countries and regions. This is undoubtedly a booster to the “going global” of Chinese agricultural enterprises.

农业合作已成为“一带一路”沿线国家和地区共建利益共同体和命运共同体的最佳结合点之一。农业农村部部长韩长赋指出，中国在“一带一路”国家农业投资达到80.5亿美元，带动了当地粮食、棉花、畜牧、农产品加工等产业发展。

Agricultural cooperation has become one of the best combination points for BRI countries and regions to build a community of shared interests and a community of shared future. Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, pointed out that China’s agricultural investment in BRI countries reached 8.05 billion US dollars, driving the development of local industries such as grain, cotton, animal husbandry and agricultural product processing.

有来有往，方能长久。中国农业在“走出去”的同时，也积极扩大招商引资，借助国外先进的技术、管理模式等进一步推进中国农业的高质量发展。

Only when combined with “bringing in” can “going global” last for long. While China’s agriculture is “going global”, it is also actively expanding its investment promotion and attracting foreign investment, and promoting the high-quality development of China’s agriculture with the help of foreign advanced technologies and management modes.

“引进来”让农业合作迎风起舞

“Bringing in” invigorates agricultural cooperation

北京市大兴区长子营镇罗庄村，坐落着一个由北京京农智慧农业有限公司打造的智慧农业产业园区。走进园区的玻璃温室，入眼便是长20米的番茄藤蔓，从一行行整齐的无土栽培槽中延伸出来，向上攀爬到4米多高的钢架上。从上到下，成串番茄因所处生长期不同，个头由小到大，颜色由绿变红。

In Luozhuang Village, Changziying Town, Daxing District, Beijing, there is a smart agricultural industrial park built by Beijing Jingnong Smart Agriculture Co., Ltd. Walking into the glasshouses of the park, you can see 20 meters long tomato vines, which extend out from the neat rows of soil-free cultivation tanks and climb up to the steel frame more than 4 meters high. From top to bottom, due to the different growth periods of the bunches of tomatoes, the size of the tomatoes changes from small to large and the color changes from green to red.

“这是公司引进的世界最先进的荷兰智慧温室建造技术和种植技术，通过自动控制系统实现农业生产工厂化。智慧农业的标志性特征就是布设自动化控制系统，让农业生产工厂化。”公司总经理王舸说，5.1万平方米的番茄种植，仅需7个专业指导人员。一株藤蔓7天-10天即可成熟一串番茄，采摘期长达8个月，比传统种植方式的三四个月多出一倍，每天可采摘4000公斤左右。

“This is smart agriculture in which our company has introduced the world’s most advanced Dutch smart greenhouse construction technology and planting technology, and realized the industrialization of agricultural production through an automatic control system. The symbolic feature of smart agriculture is to set up the automatic control system to make factory-like agricultural production,” noted Wang Ge, General Manager of the company, adding that for 51,000 square meters of tomato cultivation, only 7 professional guides are needed. Tomatoes on a vine can be ripened in 7 to 10 days with 8 months of picking period, which is twice as long as 3 to 4 months in the traditional planting method. Currently, about 4,000 kilograms of tomatoes can be picked every day.

从早期的引进先进农机设备，到改革开放后开始利用国外种质资源选育新品种，比如引进蒙古牛、西门塔尔牛，用来杂交改良本地牛；再到引进温室、无土栽培、滴灌等先进技术，中国农业“引进来”从无到有，从零散到成套，在不断消化吸收中推进农业不断朝着高质量发展。

From the early introduction of advanced agricultural machinery and equipment to the use of foreign germplasm resources to breed new varieties such as the introduction of Mongolian cattle and Simmental cattle for crossbreeding and improvement of local cattle after the reform and opening-up, and to the introduction of advanced technologies such as greenhouse, soilless culture and drip irrigation, by applying “bringing in”, China’s agriculture has developed from scratch, and from scattered to complete, pushing forward the continuous development of agriculture towards high quality through continuous digestion and absorption.

4月，第十三届中国河南国际投资贸易洽谈会期间，德国鲁道夫沙尔平战略咨询交流股份公司与河南省洽谈建设“农业4.0”循环农业科技示范园项目。预计项目全部实施后，可带动农户种植面积50万亩以上，年出栏商品猪50万头，实现农、牧、农产品加工销售年收入15亿元以上，利税1亿元以上。

In April, during the 13th China (Henan) International Investment & Trade Fair, German Rudolf Albert SCHARPING Strategic Consulting and Exchange Co., Ltd. held talks with Henan Province on the construction of “Agriculture 4.0” recycling agricultural science and technology demonstration park project. It is estimated that after the project is fully implemented, it will drive farmers to plant an area of more than 500,000 mu, reach a marketable fattened stock of 500,000 commercial pigs annually, and realize an annual income of over 1.5 billion yuan and a profit and tax of over 100 million yuan for the processing and sales of agriculture and animal husbandry products.

在江苏，隆力奇集团和以色列Aurec公司共同投资的苏州金力奇有机农业有限责任公司是国内最先引进微叶菜种植技术的公司，采用水培无土种植技术种植绿色蔬菜和水果，其微叶菜10天即可完成从种植到收割。

In Jiangsu, Suzhou Jinliqi Organic Agriculture Co., Ltd., jointly invested by Longrich Group and Israeli Aurec Company, is the first company in China to introduce microgreens planting technology, which uses hydroponic soil-free planting technology to grow green vegetables and fruits.The microgreens can be harvested in ten days after seeding.

在上海，上海东郁与欧洲室内农业综合解决方案提供商Infinite Acres达成合作协议，双方将在上海市周边建设一个室内垂直农场，为长三角地区提供洁净、新鲜、营养和美味的高品质果蔬产品，探索在人口稠密的城市地区发展室内食物生产的可能性。

In Shanghai, Shanghai Dongyu has reached a cooperation agreement with Infinite Acres, a European provider of comprehensive solutions for indoor agriculture. The two sides will build an indoor vertical farm around Shanghai to provide clean, fresh, nutritious and delicious high-quality fruit and vegetable products for the Yangtze River Delta region and explore the possibility of developing indoor food production in densely populated urban areas.

中国农业市场风起云涌，开放的大门不断扩大，对外商放宽农业限制规定的出台也吸引着更多外国资本，市场竞争也愈加激烈，网易养猪、腾讯养鹅、京东养鸡、联想种蓝莓……有人说，中国下一个万亿级市场必然出现在农业领域。站在风口浪尖，用好这些力量，农业合作必将迎风起舞。

China’s agricultural market is surging, the open door is constantly expanding, the introduction of regulations to relax agricultural restrictions on foreign investors also attracts more foreign capital, and the market becomes more competitive. Netease raises pigs, Tencent raises geese, Jingdong raises chickens, Lenovo grows blueberries... It is highly likely that China’s next trillion-yuan worth of market is bound to appear in agriculture. Giving full play to these forces while standing at the forefront of development, agricultural cooperation will surely usher in an invigorating era.

更多精彩内容详见《一带一路报道（中英文）》

国内统一连续出版物号：CN51-1788/F

国际标准连续出版物号：ISSN2096-2886

邮发代号：62-625

投稿邮箱：[email protected]

编辑：向雯

审核：彭纳

主编：邓灼