M L-1 : a new era of railway networks across time

《一帶一路報道》記者 彭納

留與不留的抉擇

The choice of whether to keep it or not

站在這座帶有濃重英式風格的火車站，嘈雜中，孫中陽將圖紙拿出來，為記者解答了心中的疑問，這座站台將被完全保留下來，除了加強站台的服務能力以外，這裡的變化還將體現在通訊、電力的改造上，在現有站台的一側還會有一些鐵路工人的住房、工作樓房等拔地而起，「其餘部分，會完全保留現有的樣貌。」

Entering this railway station with a strong British style, Sun Zhongyang took out the drawings and answered the questions for the reporter amid the noise. This platform will be completely preserved. In addition to strengthening the service capabilities of the platform, the changes here will also be reflected in the transformation of communications and power. On the side of the existing platform, some buildings will be built for the railway workers to live and work, 「And we will keep the rest as it is」.

在車站實地考察了半小時後，來不及擦去已經流到下巴的汗水、換去已經從淺藍暈濕變成深藍的工作服，工程師們便迫切地向巴方業主、運輸專家哈馬丹提出了更多的疑問，這便出現了文章開頭車站VIP室里熱烈討論的場景。

After half an hour’s field visit at the station, although there’s not even time to wipe off the sweat that had flowed to the chin, and to replace the working clothes that had changed from light blue to dark blue, the engineers urgently raised more questions to Hamdan, the Pakistani owner and transportation expert, which led to the scene of heated discussion in the VIP room of the station at the beginning of the article.

有所留就有所不留，從火車站出來，我們的汽車一路穿越狹窄的街道、緩行的驢車、頭頂貨物的行人，在將這個典型的巴基斯坦小集市漸漸甩在身後以後，不一會兒就到達了拉維河大橋。泛黃的拉維河奔襲著遠去，400多米的河道中，成群的水牛正懶懶地泡在水中，與拉維爾河遙相呼應的大橋上，汽車、三輪車川流不息。不多時，一輛從白沙瓦南下的火車從銹跡斑斑的紅色大橋上緩緩駛過，火車一路鳴笛，提醒著在橋邊以及路邊的人們讓出鐵道。

Some would be kept while the rest would be transformed. Leaving the train station, we drove through the narrow streets and passed the donkey carts and the people carrying goods on their heads, leaving the typical small Pakistani market behind and soon arriving at the Ravel River Bridge. The yellowing Laver River ran farther away. In the 400-meter-long river course, herds of buffaloes were lazy in the water, while there was a continuous flow of cars and tricycles on the Ravi River Bridge. Before long, a train coming down from Peshawar was moving slowly along the rusted red bridge, whistling to warn people at the side of the bridge and the road to give way.

「這座橋在升級改造後會停用，在旁邊不遠處的河面上，將會建起一座全新的鋼結構雙線橋。」指著河道，孫中陽解釋道。

「The bridge will be decommissioned after upgrading and a new steel structure double-line bridge will be built over the river nearby.」 Sun Zhongyang explained while pointing at the river.

這樣的去留在ML-1線的升級改造中數不勝數，其目的只為將線路的運行效率提至最佳。「ML-1線經過的都是巴基斯坦經濟最發達的城市，升級改造後，對於沿線經濟的帶動作用不言而喻。但鐵路運輸能力的提升不能只依靠一條線路，需要完成的是一個鐵路網絡的支撐。」孫中陽一針見血地指出了ML-1線升級改造後將面臨的外部環境問題，而對於這個問題，在PIU的辦公室我們找到了答案。

Such problems of whether to keep it or not were numerous in the upgrading and transformation of ML-1 line, which were only meant to improve the operation efficiency of the line. 「The ML-1 line passes through the most developed cities in Pakistan. After upgrading, it will play an obvious role in driving the economy along the route. However, the improvement of railway transportation capacity cannot rely solely on one line. What needs to be completed is the support of a railway network.」 Sun Zhongyang pointed out the external environment problems that the ML-1 line would face after upgrading, and we found the answer to this problem in the PIU office.

交通網絡時代的到來

The advent of the transportation network era

在巴適哈特的電腦上有一張巴基斯坦鐵路網未來規劃的設計圖，從圖紙上看，與ML-1線相輔相成的還有兩條線，分別是ML-2線、ML-3線，ML-2線是從戈德里至阿塔克 ，ML-3線則是駛出巴國門的國際線路。「當這兩條線路修建完成以後，將與ML-1線形成很好的互補，這對整個巴基斯坦經濟的發展都將起到促進作用。」對於未來，巴適哈特充滿信心。

There was a design drawing of the future plan of Pakistan’s railway network on the computer of Basharat. According to the drawing, there were two other lines that were complementary to the ML-1 line, namely the ML-2 line from Kotri to Attock and the ML-3 line, which was the international route out of Pakistan. 「After these two lines are completed, they will complement the ML-1 line very well, which will promote the development of the entire Pakistani economy.」 Mr Basharat was confident about the future.

這樣的信心不無道理，巴政府在《2025遠景規劃》中確立了鐵路網發展的三個方向，第一將逐步升級現有軌道和信號系統；第二將新建部分路段，增加複線里程；第三將建設連接瓜達爾地區的鐵路；最後將修建和改進連接鄰國的鐵路。

Such confidence was not unreasonable. The Pakistani government has established three directions for the development of the railway network in the 2025 Vision Plan. First, the existing track and signal system will be upgraded gradually; second, new sections will be built to increase the double-track mileage; third, the railway to connect the Gwadar region will be built; finally, the railways to connect the neighboring countries will be built and improved.

「現階段的巴基斯坦鐵路運輸狀況跟我們國家早期非常像。經歷著類似我國鐵路上個世紀七八十年代末面臨提速、改頭換面的新時期。」項目2期海德拉巴至木爾坦（不含納瓦布沙阿-羅赫里段）的負責人梁玉告訴記者，中國花了十年時間在火車的提速升級上，終於在2007年進入高鐵時代，而這十年的所有經驗，如今都將運用到巴基斯坦鐵路的升級改造之中。「另外，你知道為什麼ML-1線的時速會定在160公里嗎？」拋出這個問題後，梁玉立即解釋道，160公里/小時是火車從普速到高速的一道坎，邁過這道坎，就掌握了一套准高鐵的技術。ML-1線運行以後，將為世界人口第六大國巴基斯坦發展高鐵打下技術基礎。

「The current railway transport situation in Pakistan is very similar to that of our country. We are going through a new period similar to China’s railway in the late 1970s and 1980s, when the railway faced a new period of speeding up and transformation.」 Liang Yu, the person in charge of the project Phase 2, from Hyderabad to Multan (excluding Nauab Shah-Rohri section), told reporters that it took China ten years to upgrade the speed of the train and finally entered the high-speed rail era in 2007. All the experience of this decade will now be applied to the upgrading of Pakistan’s railways. 「By the way, do you know why the speed of the ML-1 line is set at 160 km/h?」 After asking this question, Liang Yu immediately explained that 160 km/h was a hurdle for the train to go from general speed to high speed. Passing this hurdle meant the mastery of a set of quasi-high-speed rail technology. The operation of the ML-1 line would lay a technological foundation for the development of high-speed rail in Pakistan, the world’s sixth most populous country.

中巴經濟走廊建設一落地，基礎設施的建設就被放在了首位，幾年間，巴國道路建設的迅猛發展除了體現在鐵路上，在航空和公路上也表現亮眼。

航空方面，目前，巴基斯坦共有9個國際機場和27個國內機場，開闢了30多條國際航線。未來，已經落地的瓜達爾港新機場項目即將開工建設，國際航線的數量也將不斷增加。

As soon as the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor was completed, the construction of infrastructure was put in the first place. In a few years, the rapid development of road construction in Pakistan was reflected not only in the railway, but also in the aviation and highway.

In terms of aviation, Pakistan currently has 9 international airports and 27 domestic airports, with more than 30 international routes. In the future, the new airport project of Gwadar Port, which has already been conformed, will be started and the number of international routes will continue to increase.

從巴公路局制定的「十年投資規劃」來看，未來十年巴國將重點建設南北向公路網絡、加快實施連接瓜達爾港道路以及KKH升級改造工程，具體項目包括新建和改擴建8條高速公路、4條國道。在亞行的支持下，還將修復或擴建8條國道的部分路段……

According to the 「ten-year investment plan」 formulated by the Highway Bureau of Pakistan, in the next ten years Pakistan will focus on the construction of a north-south highway network, and accelerate the implementation of the road connecting Gwadar Port and KKH upgrading project in the next decade, including the construction, reconstruction and expansion of 8 expressways and 4 national highways. With the support of Asian Development Bank, some sections of the 8 national highways will be repaired or expanded...

如今，行駛在已經完成升級改造的喀喇崑崙公路上，往來不斷的卡車裝載著中巴兩國各地的貨物駛向目的地，公路將巴基斯坦路網絡擴展到中國邊境，打開了巴國與中國這個巨大商業市場的連接。從航拍圖看，公路從中國新疆喀什啟程，盤亘整個喀喇崑崙山脈，向著巴基斯坦腹地不斷延伸，延伸……

Nowadays, an endless stream of trucks carry goods from all over Pakistan and China to their destinations on the upgraded Karakoram Highway, which extends Pakistan’s road network to the Chinese border and opens up Pakistan’s vast commercial market to China. From the perspective of aerial photos, the road starts from Kashgar in Xinjiang, China, and stretches across the entire Karakoram mountains, extending to the hinterland of Pakistan.

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