無論是在英語口語表達還是文章寫作過程中,以合理的邏輯正確表達事件的順序,可以有效幫助聽眾或讀者理解對話或文章的主題。
英語中往往會用一些表示順序的詞語或者短語(Sequencing phrases)來明確事件的順序,接下來我們將逐一討論。
首先我們讀一小段文字:
- First, I got up. Then I took a shower. Next, I had breakfast. After that, I read newspaper. Finally, I went to work.
【首先,我起床。然後洗個澡,接著吃早餐,之後看報紙,然後去上班。】
上面一段表述中用first、then、next、after that、finally對早上的一系列活動的順序進行了清晰地描述。
也就是說,我們可以藉助這些詞語或短語幫我們整理事件順序,而且也大致可以歸納為以下結構:
First / First of all, … ….【首先】
Second / Next / After that, … ….【其次】
Finally / At last / Lastly, … ….【最後】
接下來我們舉例說明:
- First, the manager talked about the sales in Q1. After that, salespersons shared some experiences. Lastly, the boss praised the sales team.
【首先,銷售經理談了第一季度的銷售情況。然後,銷售人員分享了一些銷售經驗。最後老闆對銷售部門提出了表揚。】
- First of all, I am going to write down the key words on the board. Meanwhile, you should copy them onto your notebook. Then, you will make up a short story with the words. Finally, you can discuss the stories with your partners.
【首先,我會在黑板上寫下一些關鍵詞。同時,你們應該把這些關鍵詞抄寫在筆記本上。然後你們需要用這些詞語編寫一個小故事。最後和你們的搭檔進行討論。】
以上是我們在非正式場合或者口語表達中可以使用到的一些"銜接詞",下面我們來討論
在正式語體中(比如寫作,正式會談中)應該採用哪些"銜接詞"
我們還是通過舉例來說明。
(talking about studying abroad)
【話題為海外學習】
- To begin with / First of all / In the first place / First and foremost, it is important to consider which country you would like to study in.
首先,考慮到哪個國家去學習非常重要。
- Additionally / Moreover / What's more / In addition / Furthermore, you should think about which courses you will study.
其次,你應該選擇好學習什麼課程。
- For example / For instance, you want to study art, law or science.
比如你想去學習藝術、法律還是科學。
- Overall / Consequently / Eventually / In conclusion / In one word, studying abroad will be affected by several factors. You'd better make a particular plan.
總而言之,到海外學習受到諸多因素的影響,你最好做一個詳盡的計劃。
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