Trade UAVs with rice——「Made-in-China」 farm produce

文：一帶一路報道記者 彭納

隨著農業現代化建設步伐加快，我國農業已進入品牌時代。圖為第七屆四川農博會展館

千年前，西行的商隊馱著中國的茶葉、絲綢以及瓷器，邁入西方世界；而東渡的客商又將大宗的香料、農產品、葡萄酒等帶入中國尋常百姓家。一來一往之中，彼此文化相互交融，而其產生的影響悠久綿長。
Athousand years ago, westbound trade caravans carried Chinese tea leaves, silk and porcelain to the Western World; meanwhile, eastward travelling merchants brought spice, farm produce and wine in bulk to ordinary Chinese households. By virtue of trade contacts, different cultures melted with each other and exerted far-reaching impacts.

從彼時至今，中國對外農業貿易的步伐從未間斷，但貿易的方式早已從過去單純的產品出口升級為品牌的「出海」，這種由量到質的變化在「一帶一路」建設的催動下，愈加明顯。

Since then, China has engaged in agricultural trade with other countries. Yet in modern times, the mode of trade has shifted from purely product export into the going-global of brands. Such a transformation is becoming more evident in the drive of the Belt and Road.

飛出國門的農用無人機
Agricultural UAVs fly abroad

9月，第七屆四川農業合作發展大會暨農博會（以下簡稱「農博會」）在成都成功舉辦，眾多頗具影響力的企業亮相展會，除了大家熟悉的傳統農業品牌外，那些注入了科技元素的附加產品以及創新科技新品牌，成為了農博會上的「寵兒」，「老牌」+「新品」，共同將中國農業品牌的內涵擴大。

In September, the Seventh Sichuan Agricultural Expo (「SAE」) was held in Chengdu, which brought together a host of influential enterprises. Besides renowned traditional agricultural brands, there were also products with technology elements and brands featuring innovative technologies, wowing the audience and enhancing the connotation of China’s agricultural brands.

隨著中國的發展，越來越多農產品走出國門

德陽展區中，大大小小、形態各異的無人機前圍著許多看「稀奇」的參觀者，這些擺在展區的無人機與我們常見的無人機看似相像，但機身下繁複的裝置卻表明了它們的特別。「我們無人機的主要功能是施肥、打藥。」剛剛跟一名有意向的合作者談完，四川省玉瓏天子科技有限公司董事長張智立馬向記者介紹起了自家的「寶貝」。

In Deyang exhibition zone, UAVs(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) of varied sizes and shapes attracted hordes of curious visitors. Though looked similar with ordinary ones, those special UAVs are equipped with sophisticated devices. 「Our UAVs are mainly used to apply fertilizer and spray insecticide.」 Just finishing his talking with a partner with cooperation intention, Zhang Zhi, Chairman of Sichuan Yulong Tianzi Technology Co., Ltd., lost no time to give the reporter an introduction of their 「treasured products」.

眾所周知，四川的地形地貌複雜，地塊小、山坡多，這種情況下，給農作物精準施藥得不到保障，為了解決這個問題，張智一頭扎進了無人機的科技研發中。「經過八年研究，現在我們開發的四旋翼和多旋翼無人機在施藥上已經做到非常精準了。」一台小小的飛機，如何做到精準施藥？張智指了指飛機的螺旋槳，「這些螺旋槳可不只是飛行用的，當無人機飛抵需要施藥的植物上方時，強大的動力能夠將植物葉面吹翻，這樣，霧狀的藥物就能落到作物的正反兩面，而且因為藥物是霧狀的，不會流到土壤里，對土壤也不會產生危害。」

As we know, Sichuan is a province with complex terrain, small plots, and many slopes, making precision insecticide spraying impossible. To address the problem, Zhang Zhi plunged himself into the research and development of UAV. 「Thanks to eight years of research, our quadrotor and multi-rotor UAVs can realize targeted insecticide spraying.」 How does the small UAV make such a stunt? Zhang Zhi pointed to the propellers of the UAV, 「Those propellers are not only used for fly. When a UAV flies above plants, its strong power can blow over leaves of plants. In this way, vaporous insecticide can reach to both sides of a leaf. The vaporous insecticide cannot flow to soil and generate no harm to soil.」

不僅如此，因為無人機本身受限小的特徵，無論地塊大小都不會影響其作業；另外，面對大量的丘陵地帶，無人機也能夠根據植物高低自動調整施藥高度。說起無人機的工作效率，張智給記者算了一筆帳，「按傳統人工噴霧的方式計算，一畝地需要3桶水（54kg-72kg），一人一天最多只能施藥3畝。而無人機也是一個人操作，但每天能給300畝地施藥。」這就是說，無人機的工作效率相當於100人作業。效率提高了，成本卻降低了，而最初農民擔心的打藥不精準、航線重複、操作不易等問題，在公司科研人員的研發下一一得到解決，正因如此，這些小小的飛機已經飛出了四川省，飛向了世界。

Moreover, facing few limitations, UAVs can operate on plots of all sizes. Besides, even on hilly land, a UAV can adjust heights automatically according to the heights of plants in insecticide spraying. Talking about the efficiency of UAV, Zhang Zhi immediately made a calculation, 「Using traditional manual spraying, one mu of land requires three buckets of water(54-72kg) of water, and a person can spray insecticide for at most three mu of land in one day. One person is enough to operate a UAV, but can spray insecticide for 300 mu of land.」 That is to say, the efficiency of a UAV is equal to that of 100 persons. High efficiency brings lower costs. Other problems facing farmers, such as imprecise insecticide spraying, repeated flying routes, and inconvenience in operation, have been solved by R&D personnel of the company. That is why the small UAVs can fly out of Sichuan and even abroad.

以科技見長的日本，在看到「四川智造」的無人機後，專門來到德陽「取經」，這讓張智驕傲無比：「日本無人機技術也很強，但始終沒能解決飛行動力問題，我們的無人機是電動的，但日本至今都需要燒油。」作為一支將科技創新進行到底的品牌，玉瓏天子的魅力在「一帶一路」沿線國家影響力也頗大，「我們的產品在東南亞非常有市場，寮國為了購買我們的產品，甚至提出用大米換購的方案。」在大米與無人機的換購中，另一個中國知名品牌起到了不可或缺的作用。

Hearing about the intelligent 「intelligent-made-in-Sichuan」 UAVs, tech-savvy Japanese came to Deyang to learn experience, a source of pride for Zhang Zhi. 「Though Japan is strong in UAV technology, they have never solved the problem of power. Our UAVs are electric, while Japanese ones are fuel-powered.」 As a brand dedicated to technology innovation,Yulong Tianzi UAV is also an appeal among countries along the Belt and Road. 「Our products are highly marketable in Southeast Asia. Laos even proposed to trade our UAVs with rice.」 Between rice and UAV, another famous Chinese brand has played an essential role.

站上世界農業貿易的舞台
Launching itself onto the global stage of agricultural trade

中糧集團有限公司（以下簡稱「中糧集團」）是「走出去」農業企業中的先行者，早在20世紀90年代，為了適應市場的變化，中糧集團便開啟了產業化之路，在這二十多年裡，中糧集團自身品牌的價值和影響力都在不斷擴大，正是基於此，其海外布局已不僅僅局限於農業產品的進出口，更是利用自身品牌的效應，帶動各國農業產品甚至農業品牌的互利交往，「四川造」無人機也正是因此飛到了寮國的田間地頭。

China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corporation (COFCO) has been a pioneer among agricultural enterprises in establishing overseas presence. Early in 1990s, COFCO embarked on a road of industrialization, seeking to adapt to market changes. Over the 20-plus years, COFCO has gained in both the value and influence of its brand. As such, its overseas operations are no longer limited to import and export of farm produce. Moreover, it has tapped into its brand effects to boost mutually beneficial exchanges among farm produce and even agricultural brands of different countries. In this way, 「Made-in-Sichuan」 UAVs have flied to the farmland of Laos.

「當初，寮國政府將大米換給中糧集團，中糧集團購買我們的無人機再置換給寮國。」中糧集團的換購計劃並不是心血來潮，大米是東南亞「一帶一路」國家重要的農產品和貿易產品，中糧集團近幾年陸續從泰國、柬埔寨、寮國等國家進口優質米，用以調劑中國大米的品種結構，滿足消費者的差異化需求。數據顯示，自2014年以來，中糧集團共從柬埔寨進口70萬噸大米，占柬埔寨大米出口總量的近四成，為柬稻農開闢了周邊市場。

「At the beginning, the Lao government traded with COFCO with rice, and then COFCO purchased our UAVs and gave them to Laos.」 The swap plan of COFCO was not a spur-of-the-moment thing. Rice is a key agricultural and trade product in Southeast Asia. In recent years, COFCO has imported premium long-shaped rice from Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and other countries to adjust the variety mix of rice in China, and meet the diversified needs of consumers. Data shows that since the beginning of 2014, COFCO has imported 700 thousand tons of rice from Cambodia, accounting for nearly 40% of the country’s total export and thus expanding market in a neighboring country for rice farmers in Cambodia.

再看北邊的哈薩克，其小麥品質好、產量高，但因其是內陸國家，優質小麥走出國門並不容易。自2008年開始，中糧集團便助力哈薩克的小麥出口貿易，2017年3月28日，中糧集團首次以散糧貨櫃方式進口的2200噸哈薩克小麥，打開了其在中國的市場。

Take a look at China’s north neighbor Kazakhstan, a country boasts quality and high-yield wheat. However, it is not easy for wheat to go global from the landlocked country. Since the beginning of 2008, COFCO has helped Kazakhstan in wheat export. On March 28, 2017, COFCO imported the first 2,200 tons of Kazakhstan wheat in the form of bulk container, opening Chinese market for the product.

擁有「歐洲糧倉」美譽的烏克蘭是近幾年中糧集團「一帶一路」貿易的重要合作夥伴。中糧集團成功將烏克蘭的玉米、小麥、大麥等糧食作物出口至北非、東南亞及歐洲，並在當地投資興建葵花籽加工廠，成為烏克蘭第二大植物油出口商。其在烏克蘭投資建設的DSSC碼頭，是烏克蘭最先進的農產品中轉設施，其已成為周邊國家糧食物流體系的重要支點。

Billed as 「European granary」, Ukraine has been a key partner of COFCO in trade along the Belt and Road in recent years. COFCO has successfully shipped corn, wheat, barley and other cereals from Ukraine to North Africa, Southeast Asia, and Europe. The company has also built sunflower seed processing plant to become the second largest plant oil exporter in Ukraine. The COFCO-built DSSC wharf is the most advanced transit facility for farm produce in Ukraine, serving as a key pivot for grain logistics system of surrounding countries.

4月25日-26日，中糧集團黨組書記、董事長呂軍應邀出席第二屆「一帶一路」國際合作高峰論壇。中糧集團旗下蒙牛乳業作為唯一簽約乳企，在「一帶一路」企業家大會上與中國·印尼經貿合作區有限公司簽署建設印尼乳品工廠合作協議，達成深度合作。作為中國企業在東南亞布局的首個乳製品生產基地，蒙牛乳業印尼工廠總投資超過3億元，設計日產能260噸。工廠將採用國際領先的生產技術與質量管理體系，實現本地生產、本地銷售，向整個東南亞市場提供高品質的乳品。未來五年，預計為當地提供1000餘個就業機會。

On April 25-26, Lyu Jun, Party Secretary and Chairman of COFCO, was present at the opening ceremony of the 2nd Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. At the Belt and Road Entrepreneurs Conference, Mengniu Dairy of COFCO signed a cooperation agreement with China-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone (KITIC) Co., Ltd. to build dairy factory in Indonesia. As the first dairy production base in Southeast Asia built by a Chinese enterprise, the Indonesian dairy factory entails a total investment of over RMB 300 million, with a designed daily output of 260 tons. The factory will feature local production and local sales, and use cutting-edge production technologies and quality management system to offer quality dairy products to the whole Southeast Asian market. It is estimated that the factory will produce over 1,000 local jobs in the coming five years.

在「走出去」的過程中，在國際貿易平台搭建中，中糧集團收穫的不僅是貿易上的增量，也將中國品牌的影響力帶到了世界農業貿易的舞台上。

In the process of going global and in the building of international trade platform, COFCO has realized increase in trade volume and also brought Chinese brands to the global stage of agricultural trade.

打造農業「金字招牌」
Shaping famed agricultural brands

隨著農業現代化建設步伐加快，我國農業已進入品牌時代。品牌意味著聲望，意味著美譽度，對於農業發展意義重大。2019年農業農村部一號文件強調，要「綠色化、優質化、特色化、品牌化」發展，要大力推進農產品區域公用品牌、企業品牌、農產品品牌建設，打造高品質、有口碑的農業「金字招牌」。

As agricultural modernization gathers pace, China’s agriculture has entered an era of brands. Brand means reputation and is significant to agricultural development. The No.1 Document of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2019 stressed that efforts should be made to pursue 「green, quality, featured, and brand-oriented」 development, and shape regional public brands for farm produce, corporate brands, and farm produce brands, aiming to build famed agricultural brands with assured quality and fine reputation.

原農業部黨組成員、中國農產品市場協會會長張玉香道出了打造農業品牌的重要性，「品牌經濟是以品牌為核心整合經濟要素、帶動經濟發展的高級經濟形態，也是現代農業發展水平的重要標誌。實施鄉村振興戰略、推動農業轉型升級、滿足人民美好生活需要，發揮品牌引領作用十分重要。隨著我國農業品牌化戰略的深入實施，農業品牌建設已經進入規範化成長的關鍵時期，迎來了最好的發展時機。」

Zhang Yuxiang, a former member of the leading Party group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Chairman of Chinese Agri-produce Marketing Association, also pointed out the importance of brand building, 「Brand economy represents a high-level economic form using brands as a core to integrate economic elements and drive economic development. It is also an important hallmark of modern agricultural development. The leading role of brands is essential for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, agricultural transformation and upgrading, and for the objective of meeting people’s demands for a better life. With the further implementation of China’s agricultural branding strategy, agricultural brand building has entered a crucial period of regulated growth and embraced the most exciting development opportunities.」

推動中國農產品「走出去」，打造中國的農產品品牌，是我國農業發展的目標之一，在「一帶一路」推進過程中，無疑會為這個目標提供新的機遇與挑戰。

Pushing China’s farm produce to go global and building China’s farm produce brands has always been one of the objectives of China’s agricultural development. The Belt and Road development will surely bring new opportunities and challenges as we seek to realize such an objective.

「『一帶一路』倡議將有力促進區域及全球農業資源共享，為農業經濟發展提供新空間；將有力促進要素有序流動和市場深度融合，為全球農業貿易提供新契機；將有力促進各國區域特色農業資源挖掘，為做強優勢產業提供新機會；還將有力促進農產品供需對接，為塑造農業品牌形象提供新平台。」曾任中國優質農產品開發服務協會會長的朱保成指出了「一帶一路」倡議將為品牌建設提供的機遇。農業品牌化的過程，其實就是實現區域化布局、專業化生產、規模化種養、標準化控制、產業化經營的過程。「一帶一路」建設，將有力推動農業供給側結構性改革，建立一套完善的符合市場規律、創造品牌價值的標準體系、認證及產品質量追溯體系，推進綠色、優質、品牌農業發展和一二三產業發展相融合，這必將提升中國農業品牌的國際形象和影響力。

The Belt and Road Initiative will boost regional and global agricultural resources sharing, and offer new space for agricultural economy; it will promote orderly flow of elements and deeper market integration, and provide new opportunities for global agricultural trade; it will help identifying regional featured agricultural resources in each country and offer new opportunities for the efforts of growing industries with competitive edges; it will facilitate supply-demand matchmaking of farm produce, and provide new platforms for the efforts of shaping agricultural brands. Zhu Baocheng, former Chairman of China Good Agri-products Development & Service Association, noted that as the BRI offers opportunities for agricultural brand building. The process of agricultural branding is actually a process of regional layout, professional production, scaled planting and raising, standard control, and industrial operation. The Belt and Road building will promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and establish a complete standard system that meets market laws and creates brand value, and certification and product quality traceability system, and boost green, quality, and brand-oriented agricultural development, and the integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industry, and further enhance the global image and influence of China’s agricultural brands.

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國內統一連續出版物號：CN51-1788/F

國際標準連續出版物號：ISSN2096-2886

郵發代號：62-625

投稿郵箱：[email protected]

編輯：向雯

審核：彭納

主編：鄧灼