前一段時間換臉軟體「ZAO」一夜爆紅，在刷屏朋友圈的同時，也讓很多網友對這類換臉技術很是擔憂。不過如今，面對這樣的AI技術視頻，終於有了相關辦法出台。
近日，國家網際網路信息辦公室、文化和旅遊部、國家廣播電視總局聯合印發了《網絡音視頻信息服務管理規定》（以下簡稱《規定》）。《規定》中顯示，將禁止隨意發布AI（人工智慧）造假視頻，以應對Deepfake換臉等高逼真度圖片、視頻引發的問題。
The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced a ban on fake video news produced with artificial intelligence (AI) in a move to address growing concerns over Deepfake technology's dissemination of altered pictures and videos that look convincing enough to be original.
新規定將從2020年1月1日起施行。《規定》中表明：「利用基於深度學習、虛擬現實等新技術新應用製作、發布、傳播非真實音視頻信息的，應當以顯著方式予以標識，不得利用其製作、發布、傳播虛假新聞信息；網絡音視頻信息服務提供者應當部署應用違法違規音視頻以及非真實音視頻鑑別技術，應當建立健全闢謠機制。」
The ban will take effect on January 1, according to the CAC website. Net users or video platforms will be prohibited from creating, distributing, or broadcasting news content altered by new technologies like deep learning and virtual reality.Net users and platforms are required to noticeably mark AI-altered videos, according to the new CAC rule. Platforms will be asked to implement methods to detect AI-altered videos and timely stop the circulation of unmarked ones. A mechanism should be built to control rumors in case "fake videos" cause "fake news," said the CAC.
此前，網友將94版《射鵰》里黃蓉的扮演者從朱茵的臉換成了楊冪的臉，服化道細節逼真，表情也是惟妙惟肖：
此外，《規定》中還顯示：「網絡音視頻信息服務提供者基於深度學習、虛擬現實等新技術新應用上線具有媒體屬性或者社會動員功能的音視頻信息服務，或者調整增設相關功能的，應當按照國家有關規定開展安全評估。」
The ban will require platforms to conduct risk evaluations before the launch of AI-based video services.
「網絡音視頻信息服務提供者和網絡音視頻信息服務使用者違反本規定的，由網信、文化和旅遊、廣播電視等部門依照《中華人民共和國網絡安全法》《網際網路信息服務管理辦法》《網際網路新聞信息服務管理規定》《網際網路文化管理暫行規定》《網際網路視聽節目服務管理規定》等相關法律法規規定處理；構成違反治安管理行為的，依法給予治安管理處罰；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。」
Violators of the ban will be punished in line with existing laws regulating cyberspace security and cyberspace information services, and may face administrative penalties or criminal prosecution depending on how serious the violation is.
分析人士讚賞該《規則》是一項十分及時的法律行動，說明網信系統跟上了社會潮流以及網絡科技的發展。
Analysts hailed the move as a timely legal action, demonstrating the system is keeping pace with social trends and the development of cyber technology.
中國網絡空間戰略研究所所長秦安表示，作為中國出台的第一部針對媒體中AI技術使用的規則，此舉將解決AI換臉技術帶來的問題和挑戰。秦安表示，新規則具有實踐性，並且為視頻檢測領域開闢了新的市場。
As the first regulation in China on the use of AI in the media, it will address the problems brought about by AI face-changing and other related challenges, said Qin An, head of the Beijing-based Institute of China Cyberspace Strategy, noting that the new regulation is practical and could open up a market for video detection.
此前，網友製作的「黑寡婦&佟湘玉」、「雷神&徐錦江」等視頻都曾吸引眾多關注。
《環球時報》英文版網站報道指出，新規定的出台，正值人們越發關心換臉技術帶來的隱私風險及法律衝突之時。此前在西方國家出現的「換臉明星色情視頻」等現象在中國也已出現。
The ban comes in the wake of increasing privacy concerns and legal conflicts regarding Deepfake technology. Deepfake pornography with celebrities' faces, a phenomenon in some Western countries, has emerged in China.
報道指出，現已發現地下賣家通過在線論壇用明星臉部圖片吸引買家，販賣色情製品，並在完成微信支付或支付寶交易後通過雲端分享不法連結。
The Global Times previously found that underground sellers of pornography with actors' faces attract buyers at online forums and share videos via cloud drive link after receiving money through WeChat or Alipay.
《華盛頓郵報》2018年曾報道：國外主流社交平台Reddit已禁止使用換臉技術，因為此前諸如泰勒•斯威夫特和蓋爾•加朵等明星的面部圖像被用在了色情視頻中。
今年9月，換臉軟體ZAO爆紅後，隨即因用戶隱私問題道歉，並兩次修改了相關條款。此前，ZAO在用戶協議中告知，授權app後，ZAO即擁有權力無限期商用用戶圖像，並且無需用戶同意。
In September, the face-changing app ZAO apologized and revised its user terms twice after public accusations of potential abuse of users' privacy. A ZAO terms of use notice told users that by granting permission to the app to access data, they authorized the company's right to use their portraits for commercial use indefinitely and without users' consent.
綜合來源：環球時報英文版網站，人民日報官方微博，網信辦官網