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主謂一致是指主語和謂語必須保持人稱和數的變化一致，即句中謂語的變化形式由句子主語的人稱和數的形式決定。主謂一致通常遵循三個原則：語法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則。
語法一致
語法一致是指主語的單複數決定謂語動詞的單複數。
考點一：一般情況下，主語為單數可數名詞或代詞、不可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為複數可數名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞用複數形式。
考點二：動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
考點三：復合不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
注意：
1. 「neither of / none of + 複數可數名詞 / 代詞」作主語時，謂語動詞用單、複數形式皆可。
2. either指「兩者之中任何一個」，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。「either of +複數可數名詞 / 代詞」作主語時，謂語動詞用單、複數形式皆可。
3. each作同位語時，謂語動詞的單、複數形式取決於主語的數；「each of+複數可數名詞 / 代詞」作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
考點四：當用both ... and ... 連接並列主語時，謂語動詞常用複數形式。當and連接的兩個名詞表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用複數形式；當表示同一人、同一物或同一個概念，或表示不可分的整體時，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。
考點五：當主語後面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等詞語引導的短語時，謂語動詞的單、複數形式由主語的單、複數形式決定。
【考例連結】
Ⅰ. 單項選擇
( )1. —______ there anything new in today's Qianzhong Morning Daily?
—No. But there ______ some inspiring stories worth reading.
A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is
( )2. We all know that one of the world's most popular sports ______ football.
A. am B. is C. are
( )3. Listen! The little girl ______ singing in the room.
A. 不填 B. are C. is
( )4. Mary ______ is my friend, as well as her sisters, ______ Chinese in China.
A. that; are studying B. which; have studied C. who; study D. who; studies
( )5. Everybody except Mike and Linda ______ there when the meeting began.
A. are B. was C. were
( )6. Playing computer games too much ______ bad for students' health.
A. am B. is C. are
Ⅱ. 用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. My mother with her friends often _______(go) shopping on weekends.
2. Each of these exercises _______(take) one or two minutes to do every day.
3. She likes nobody and nobody _______(like) her.
4. Both he and his wife _______(enjoy) tennis.
5. —What would you like, orange juice or apple juice?
—Either _______(be) OK. I don't mind.
考點六：
一些由兩部分構成的表示物體的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用複數形式，如shoe, glove, trouser, scissor, chopstick等。但如果這些名詞前有量詞如pair等修飾時，謂語動詞的數與量詞保持一致。
考點七：
1. 「a (large / small) number of + 複數可數名詞 / 代詞」作主語時，謂語動詞用複數形式；「the number of + 複數可數名詞 / 代詞」作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
2. 「分數 / 百分數+ of + 名詞」和「the rest / most of +名詞」作主語時，謂語動詞的數由名詞決定。
【考例連結】
Ⅰ. 單項選擇
( )1. The number of people in the city ______ about seven million now.
A. are B. has C. is
( )2. A number of visitors ______ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors ______ increasing.
A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are
Ⅱ. 用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. Tom's gloves ______(be) getting old. I think a pair of gloves ______(be) a nice present for him.
2. The two pairs of shoes _______(be) on sale. I will take them.
3. Toby had 100 yuan. He spent 50 yuan on food. The rest _______(be) spent on books.
4. Two thirds of the land in my garden _______(be) no good for growing potatoes.
5. The number of women in my office _______(be) 20 and only 5% of them _______(return) to work after having a baby.
意義一致
意義一致是指謂語動詞和主語的一致不是取決於主語的語法形式，而是由其意義所決定。
考點一：當數詞作主語或當表示距離、金額、時間等名詞(短語)作主語時，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式。
考點二：有些集體名詞常指複數的人或物，謂語用複數形式，如police；有些集體名詞作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果指集體中的成員，謂語動詞用複數形式，如family, class, team, group, crowd等；當population意為「人口數量」時，謂語動詞用單數形式；意為「全體居民」時，謂語動詞用單、複數形式皆可。
考點三：以-s結尾的單數名詞如news, physics, maths, politics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
考點四：
1. 「the + 形容詞」表示一類人作主語時，謂語動詞常用複數形式。這類詞有the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等。
2. 「the + 姓氏的複數形式」表示某一家人或夫婦兩人，其作主語時，謂語動詞用複數形式。
【考例連結】
用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. Look! The Smiths _______(eat) dinner in the kitchen.
2. 500 yuan _______(be) enough for me to buy a good bike.
3. Two months _______(be) a long time. We can visit our grandparents during those days.
4. The good news _______(be) that tomorrow will be sunny.
5. Physics _______(have) made much progress in this century.
6. Police _______(be) asking for the public's help with information about a lost boy now.
7. The population of this city _______(be) 350, 000.
8. Five kilometers _______(be) not long. I run even eight kilometers every morning.
9. It seems that the rich _______(be) getting richer and the poor _______(be) getting poorer.
10. My class _______(be) rather noisy this morning.
就近一致
就近一致是指謂語動詞的數要與其最近的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。
考點一：以or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ... 等連接的名詞(或代詞)作主語時，謂語動詞要和離它最近的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。
考點二：在there be 句型中，如果有兩個或兩個以上的主語時，主語與謂語的一致通常遵循就近一致原則。
【考例連結】
Ⅰ. 單項選擇
( )1. Neither Jim nor Tom ______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
( )2. Not only my parents but also my sister ______ crazy about the TV play In the Name of People.
A. is B. are C. have been
( )3. —Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou?
—Of course. Not only I but also my parents ______ his fans.
A. am B. are C. was D. were
Ⅱ. 用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. There _______(be) two glasses of milk and an egg on the table.
2. There _______(be) tea or coffee — you can have either.
責編 | 楊寧
審稿 | 李棟
校稿 | 呂放
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