文:《一帶一路報道》記者 向雯

談起非洲，你是否還停留在戰亂、落後的印象里？然而，有這樣一個國家，在一百多年前就被稱為「非洲代表、黑人希望」，這裡是咖啡、高粱的故鄉，這裡也是馬拉松運動員的搖籃。近年來，這個世界最不發達之一的國家連續多年發展速度位居非洲第一，它逐漸改變著人們對非洲的刻板印象，展現出欣欣向榮的新面貌……這個國家，就是衣索比亞。

What does Africa look like in your mind? Poor? War-ridden? Yet a country there was given the title 「the representative of Africa and the hope of the black」 more than 100 years ago. It is home to coffee, sorghum and marathon runners. In recent years, this country, one of the least developed nations in the world, has been ranking first in Africa in terms of development speed for many years. Its flourishing economy is changing the stereotype about Africa. That country, is Ethiopia.

非洲屋脊上的「中國樣板」

A 「Chinese model」 on the roof of Africa

對於在埃塞工作多年的孟紅來說，埃塞近些年的變化，她感受頗深：「我親身感受到了非洲特別是衣索比亞的經濟發展，有越來越多的中國人來這裡尋找機會。」

For Meng Hong, who has been working in Ethiopia for many years, the changes here in recent years are quite impressive. 「I』ve seen firsthand the economic development in Africa, especially in Ethiopia, and more and more Chinese people came here to look for opportunities,」 she said.

在首都亞的斯亞貝巴，這種感受更加明顯。車水馬龍的鬧市區有著寬闊的柏油車道，空中飛馳的輕軌，國家體育場、非洲聯盟總部……據說，亞的斯亞貝巴60%的工程都由中國人完成，在這裡幾乎能找到中國建築業的所有大型公司，中國企業正在逐漸改變著這座城市的天際線。

In Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, this kind of feeling is even more pronounced. In the busy downtown area, there are wide asphalt lanes, flying light rail, Addis Ababa Stadium and African Union headquarters. It is said that 60% of the projects in Addis Ababa are completed by Chinese people, and you can find almost all the major Chinese construction companies here. Chinese enterprises are gradually changing the skyline of the city.

如今，中國已毫無爭議地成為了埃塞最大的投資國。英國《金融時報》對此評論，來自中國的企業和資本為埃塞的公路、鐵路、大壩等注入了大量資源和資金，使埃塞實現了中國式的繁榮。美國財經媒體Quartz也用一句話作了總結：目前這裡所發生的一切堪稱經濟奇蹟。

Today, China is inarguably Ethiopia’s biggest investor. The British Financial Times commented that enterprises and capital from China have injected a lot of resources and funds into roads, railways and dams in Ethiopia, thus enabling Ethiopia to achieve a Chinese-style prosperity. Quartz, the US financial media, concluded that what’s happening here is an economic miracle.

與許多依賴礦產、石油資源繁榮起來的非洲國家不同，埃塞政治長期平穩，是非洲少數真正能利用起人口紅利、發展勞動密集型產業的國家之一。

Unlike many other African countries that have prospered by relying on mineral and oil resources, Ethiopia has enjoyed long-term political stability and is one of the few countries in Africa that can truly take advantage of its demographic dividend to develop labor-intensive industries.

在國家工業落後的情況下，埃塞政府以中國模式為模板，積極發展基礎設施建設和製造業，政府高層多次到中國考察學習。2010年，埃塞政府制訂了該國首個「五年計劃」，並放開絕大部分投資領域，同時積極依靠世界銀行、非洲發展基金等援助，著力發展基礎設施、能源和電信等基礎性行業。

In view of the backward industry, the Ethiopian government has actively advanced infrastructure construction and manufacturing industry by drawing on experience of the Chinese model. The senior officials have visited China many times for study tours. In 2010, the Ethiopian government formulated the country’s first 「Five-year Plan」 and opened up most of its investment areas. At the same time, it actively sought assistance from the World Bank and African Development Fund to boost its infrastructure, energy, telecommunications and other basic industries.

在埃塞智庫和宣傳部門的強力推動下，埃塞國家電視台里，從新聞到其他節目中無不展示著「發展，發展，再發展」的理念，高速公路、水電大壩的鏡頭經常出現在各種節目中。

Under the strong impetus of Ethiopian think tank and publicity department, the concept of 「development, development and development」 is conveyed in all the news and other programs of the state television. Shots of highways and hydroelectric dams often appear in various programs.

正因如此，對外開放、出口加工、五年計劃、基礎建設……過去30年間中國人熟悉的一幕幕，正在這個遙遠的非洲國家上演。許多到過埃塞的中國人都說，「這個國家，很像30年前的中國。」

Because of this, opening up, export processing, five-year plans, infrastructure construction and many other scenes familiar to the Chinese people in the past 30 years are now being staged in this remote African country. 「This country looks like China 30 years ago,」 said many Chinese who have visited Ethiopia.

一條鐵路，拉動了一條經濟帶

A railway activates an economic belt

在中埃合作的眾多項目中，亞吉鐵路是其中最耀眼的「明星」。作為「一帶一路」的標誌性成果，亞吉鐵路是非洲大陸上第一條全部採用中國標準和中國裝備建設的電氣化鐵路。已經安全運營一年多的亞吉鐵路，為當地旅客出行和貨物運輸都提供了極大便利。

Among the projects cooperated between China and Ethiopia, Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway is the brightest star. As a landmark achievement of the Belt and Road Initiative, Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway is the first electrified railway on the African continent built entirely with Chinese standards and equipment. It has been operating safely for more than a year, providing great convenience for local passengers and cargo transportation.

在埃塞人看來，亞吉鐵路真正實現了國家之間的聯通，使內陸國家衣索比亞聯通了吉布地，從而有了藉助港口走向世界的契機。絡繹不絕的旅客往來於兩地之間，吉布地乘客阿卜杜是亞吉鐵路的「鐵粉」，每次去埃塞東部城市德雷達瓦都會選擇亞吉鐵路。他說，之前乘坐公共汽車到德雷達瓦要18個小時，而現在僅4個小時就能抵達，「和過去比簡直是天壤之別！」

In the eyes of the Ethiopians, the inter-country connectivity was truly realized, and the landlocked country of Ethiopia was connected with Djibouti, thus having the opportunity to go global from the port. An endless stream of passengers travels between the two places. Abdou, a passenger from Djibouti, is a big fan of Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway and he takes it every time he goes to Dire Dawa, a city in the east of the country. He said that it used to take 18 hours by bus to get there, but now it takes only 4 hours. 「It’s a far cry from the past,」 he said.

而這樣一組數據也說明了亞吉鐵路的人氣，截至2019年3月，亞吉鐵路累計開行國際旅客列車403列，發送旅客15.5萬人次；累計運送貨櫃6.1萬個，貨物發送量約120萬噸。

A set of data shows the popularity of Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway. By March 2019, 403 international passenger trains have been put into operation, undertaking 155,000 passenger trips. The railway has transported a total of 61,000 containers and delivered about 1.2 million tons of goods.

2018年6月，正值埃塞農忙時節。一場緊急的運輸任務讓中土衣索比亞工程有限公司總經理李志遠記憶深刻。

An urgent transportation mission in June 2018, the busy farming season in Ethiopia, is still impressive to Li Zhiyuan, general manager of CCECC Ethiopia Construction Private Limited Company.

由於埃塞是內陸農業國家，95%的進出口貨物都需要通過吉布地的港口轉運。農忙時節，約3萬噸化肥卻滯留在吉布地，用老辦法運輸肯定來不及，這讓埃塞農業部門焦頭爛額。好在那時亞吉鐵路已經開通運營，於是他們主動找到運營團隊，請求支援。

As a landlocked agricultural country, 95% of Ethiopia’s import and export goods need to be transferred through the port of Djibouti. Some 30,000 tons of chemical fertilizer were stuck in Djibouti, too late to be transported in the old way. That left Ethiopia’s agricultural department in hot water. The good news was that the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway had opened by then. So, they reached out to the operation team for support.

任務緊急，刻不容緩。亞吉鐵路運營團隊迅速行動。「我們先後開通了11列化肥運輸專列，在不到一個月的時間內完成了運輸任務，保障了埃塞農業生產的順利進行。」李志遠回憶道。

There was no time to lose. The rail operations team moved quickly. 「We opened 11 special freight trains for the chemical fertilizer, and got everything done within a month, ensuring the smooth progress of Ethiopia’s agricultural production,」 Li recalled.

如今，又到了讓李志遠和其團隊忙碌的時候，這一次，李志遠信心滿滿：「在最短的時間把大宗的化肥完成跨境運輸，亞吉鐵路毫無疑問是最好的選擇。」

It is again a busy season for Li and his team, but he is confident this time. 「To complete the cross-border transportation of bulk chemical fertilizer as quickly as possible, Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway is no doubt the best choice.」

依託於運輸優勢，鐵路沿線的產業園也如雨後春筍般迅速增加。「目前，鐵路沿線有10個左右的工業園在建設，其中有一多半已經完成投產。特別是埃塞這樣對出口、外匯都有很大需求的國家，這條鐵路能拉動沿線經濟的發展，尤其是外向型經濟發展。」李志遠如是說。

Relying on transportation advantages, industrial parks along the railway have mushroomed. 「At present, there are about 10 industrial parks under construction along the railway, more than half of which have been put into operation. For a country like Ethiopia which has great demand for exports and foreign exchange, this railway can boost the economy along the route, especially the export-oriented economy,」 said Li.

合作的腳步永不停息

The pace of cooperation never stops

「互聯互通是一條腳下之路，無論是公路、鐵路、航路還是網路，路通到哪裡，我們的合作就在哪裡。」習近平主席的話為中埃合作指明了方向。兩國在道路、能源、房建等領域都碩果纍纍。非洲第一大水壩、第一條輕軌、第一條中國標準的鐵路……中埃攜手書寫了一個又一個「第一」。

「Connectivity is a path at our feet. Whether it is by road, rail, air or the internet, our cooperation is wherever the path leads.」 President Xi Jinping’s words defined a direction for China-Ethiopia cooperation. The two countries have made great achievements in the fields of roads, energy and housing construction. The biggest dam in Africa, the first light rail and the first Chinese standard railway…China and Ethiopia have jointly achieved one breakthrough after another.

在亞的斯亞貝巴以西50公里的一片草原上，曲折蜿蜒的公路盡頭，矗立著一座氣勢恢宏的變電站，這裡是全球規模最大的500千伏變電站——衣索比亞GDHA （復興大壩）輸變電工程Holeta變電站。遠遠望去，這群威風凜凜的「銀甲兵士」，正盡職地守護著這片廣袤的土地。

On a grassland 50 kilometers west of Addis Ababa, at the end of a winding road, stands an imposing transformer substation. It is the largest 500kV substation in the world, Holeta Substation, the Ethiopian GDHA (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) power transmission and transformation project. From a distance, this group of awe-inspiring 「silver armored soldiers」 is dutifully guarding the vast land.

與長達13個月的熾熱陽光形成鮮明對比的是，埃塞電力供應曾經極度匱乏。2014年以前，全國發電裝機容量僅為200 萬千瓦，83%的人口無電可用，農村總電氣化率低至6%，首都也只有三分之一的人能用上電，常能看到為了給手機充電，人們蜂擁排隊的場景。

In stark contrast to 13 months of hot sunshine, Ethiopia’s electricity supply was severely scarce. Before 2014, the installed power generation capacity was only 2 million kilowatts, and 83% of the population had no access to electricity. The general electrification rate in the countryside was as low as 6%, and only 1/3 of people in the capital had access to electricity. People often queued up to charge their phones.

正是在這種能源和電力負荷極不均衡的背景下，可見由國家電網中國電力技術裝備有限公司總承包的500千伏輸變電工程，對推動埃塞經濟發展、提升當地民眾生活品質的意義有多麼重大！

Given the extreme imbalance of energy and power load, the 500KV power transmission and transformation project undertaken by State Grid China Electric Power Equipment and Technology Co., Ltd. (CET) is of great significance for promoting Ethiopia’s economic development and improving local people’s lives.

「在埃塞國家電網示意圖上，自西向東一條長長的紅色輸電線路直指青尼羅河，這就是GDHA500千伏輸變電工程。它是當前非洲輸電線路最長、電壓等級最高、輸送容量最大的輸變電工程。」中方的運維項目現場執行經理金明光介紹道。

「On the schematic diagram of Ethiopia’s national grid, a long red transmission line running from west to east points to the Blue Nile. This is the GDHA 500 kV power transmission and transformation project, with the longest transmission line, the highest voltage level and the largest transmission capacity in Africa,」 said Jin Mingguang, Chinese field executive manager of the operation and maintenance project.

如今，這座享譽非洲的輸變電項目不僅對改善埃塞電網結構、解決埃塞首都地區電力供應緊張問題發揮著顯著作用，而且對促進埃塞清潔能源外送和構建全球能源網際網路均具有重要意義。

Today, this transmission and transformation project, which is well known in Africa, not only plays an important role in improving the structure of Ethiopia’s power grid and solving the problem of power supply shortage in the capital area, but also bears great significance in facilitating the clean energy export of Ethiopia and building the Global Energy Interconnection (GEI).

曾經的亞的斯亞貝巴，因為基礎設施薄弱、交通不便，晚8點以後，整座城市便進入沉寂狀態。現在，到晚上10點，依然有許多商店、餐館還在營業之中……這樣的活力離不開電力供應，也離不開一條輕軌的開通。

There was a time when Addis Ababa was silent after 8 p.m. because of its weak infrastructure and inconvenient transportation. Now, by 10 p.m., there are still many shops and restaurants open. Such vitality is inseparable from the power supply and the running light rail.

穿梭在繁忙城市之中的東非第一條城市輕軌——亞的斯亞貝巴城市輕軌，給這座「非洲屋脊」上的城市增添了一道亮麗風景線。「交通的便利意味著城市生活更加豐富，這座城市因輕軌而更加活躍。」深圳地鐵集團衣索比亞公司總經理王偉對此感受頗深。

The Addis Ababa Light Rail, East Africa’s first urban light rail system, is a sight to see on the roof of Africa. 「Convenient transportation means more colorful urban life. The city is more active because of the light rail,」 said Wang Wei, general manager of Ethiopia Company of Shenzhen Metro Group Co., Ltd.

東非第一條輕軌、非洲最大的輸變電工程、210米高的東非第一高樓……一大批中國建設的項目已成為亞的斯亞貝巴的新名片；落戶於此的非洲聯盟總部、聯合國非洲經濟委員會、多個援非NGO組織，也讓亞的斯亞貝巴成為非洲國際外交的最前沿。衣索比亞，正向世界展示著令人驚嘆的蓬勃與活力。

The first light rail in East Africa, the largest power transmission and transformation project in Africa, the tallest building of 210 meters in East Africa…A host of Chinese-built projects have become Addis Ababa’s new name card. The headquarters of the African Union, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and a number of NGOs aiding Africa located here also put Addis Ababa at the forefront of Africa’s international diplomacy. Ethiopia is showing amazing dynamism and vitality to the world.

部分圖片來源網絡

編輯：王然

朗讀：何陽

審核：李卉嬪

主編：鄧灼