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大英競賽閱讀理解部分是競賽的分數大項，共 30分。閱讀文章的題材通常是社會生活、經濟、教育、文化、科普等方面的內容，體裁為議論文、說明文、敘述文、描述文。該部分文字量大，答題時間緊，難度較高。閱讀理解的文章涉及的詞彙豐富，語法全面，內容廣泛，是考查考生閱讀速度、詞彙量、語法知識及其分析、判斷、推測、歸納和總結能力的重要手段。
閱讀能力包括較快的閱讀速度和較強的理解能力。所謂「較強的理解能力」是指應具有：
1. 掌握所讀材料主旨和大意的能力。
2. 了解說明主旨和大意的事實和細節的能力。
3. 既能理解字面的意思，又能根據所讀材料進行一定的判斷和推理的能力。
4. 既理解個別句子的意思，又能理解上下文的邏輯關係的能力。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,沒有一定的閱讀速度,就不能順利地獲取信息，更談不上提高閱讀理解能力。許多考生在做閱讀理解題時都有超時的現象，這說明考生的閱讀速度與考試要求還有一定的差距。
而且，許多考生沒有養成良好的閱讀習慣，在平時的閱讀中仍沿襲初學英語時的閱讀方法，即我們常見的出聲朗讀或不出聲朗讀。這兩種閱讀方法極不適合大學生英語競賽中大題量且要求閱讀速度快的閱讀理解部分。
除了上面提到的閱讀速度和方法問題之外，還有其他一些消極因素影響考生的應試效率:語言障礙。主要表現在詞彙量小、語法概念不清楚、語意理解能力差等幾個方面，其中尤其是以詞彙量小為主。由於考生平時詞彙積累不夠，在閱讀過程中往往被生詞所阻，無法更好地理解文章，從而在閱讀時把注意力放在局部而不是整體上。
許多考生閱讀時把精力放在字詞句上，而忽略了對整篇文章的理解和記憶，閱讀方法與答題步驟欠妥。許多考生在做閱讀理解題時，拿來就讀，而且逐字逐句地研讀，不講究一定的方法、步驟；知識面狹窄,文理科知識互滲不夠。參加競賽的考生，由於所學專業的限制，文理知識不能相融。
考生在興趣和愛好上的不同也會導致他們的閱讀方向的不同，因此，閱讀材料中一旦涉及他們不熟悉的內容，就會不知所措，嚴重影響閱讀效果。
在此，我們結合全國大學生英語競賽的部分試題，分析閱讀理解題的題型和答題策略。
01、【題型解讀】
閱讀理解部分較去年去掉了一個篇章，同時去掉了段落匹配題型，請同學們注意。2022年閱讀理解題共包含3篇文章，最新題型設有：
1.選擇題，即從七個選項中選擇五個以使文章內容完整；
2.簡答題，即根據文章內容回答問題；
3.完成摘要題，即從文章中選出詞或短語填空，答案基本上都是文章中出現過的詞，根據語境可改變詞的形式。
（一）選擇題
試題模式為：給出一篇缺少5 個句子的文章，對應有7 個選項，要求根據文章結構、內容，選出正確的句子，填入相應的空白處。試題的難度較常規閱讀試題有所增加，而且會出現「一處誤選」導致「多處誤選」的後果。根據試題的特點，在實際做題過程中，同學們不妨採用「先看選項定位含義—再看正文仔細分析—最後把選項與正文對應確定答案」的模式。
02、【題例解析】
Section A (10 marks)
Questions 56—60 are based on the following passage.
【參考答案】
56-60 BFCEG
（二）簡答題
不同類型的問題要求有不同形式的回答，不能僅僅為了答案的簡潔而忽略了問題與答案在形式上的對應。比如，就目的進行提問時，答案就應當用表示目的的用語，如 for短語，不定式短語；就原因進行提問時，就應當用 because of短語或because從句回答；提問詞是 what時，只能用名詞或名詞性短語、名詞性從句來回答。
儘可能利用原文中的關鍵詞語回答問題。總之，簡答題基於理解，重在表達，簡答題的答案要精鍊概括，言簡意賅，力爭體現「簡」與「准」。
【題例解析】
Section BQuestions 61—65 are based on the following passages.
One of the interesting things about languages is the way they change over time. In English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has gone through major changes over the years. In fact, to a modern speaker, the English of 1,000 years ago looks like a foreign language!
The history of English dates back around 1,500 years. At that time, groups of Europeans invaded England, bringing their language with them. It developed into Old English. Later, in 1066, England was invaded by the Normans from France. The language went through an important shift, leading to what we now call Middle English. Over the next 500 years, the language under went further shifts, leading to Modern English. As the language has developed over time, many things about it have changed.
Pronunciation is one of the most obvious areas. For example, in Old English, people said 「hus」 and 「mus」. Now, we say 「house」 and 「mouse」. These days, there are many differences in the way English is pronounced in the U.S., India, and elsewhere. When people live in groups separated by great distances, the pace of change can be fast.
Spelling has also gone through interesting changes. For example, in Old English, one wrote 「riht」. A 「g」 was added in Middle English, making the spelling 「right」. Also, in the distant past, people did not always follow standards of spelling. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, scholars like Noah Webster wrote dictionaries which made the spelling more consistent. However, different standards were decided on in England and the U.S. So, some differences remain—for example, 「color」 vs. 「colour」.
Vocabulary changes happen even more quickly. English has grown by borrowing words from languages such as French, Spanish, and Arabic, to name a few. This often happens with types of food—for example, 「tofu」. Then there is slang which enters and leaves the language every year! Thirty years ago, one often heard people saying 「groovy」, meaning 「great」. These days, you』ll rarely hear the word except on old TV shows and movies.
Because English is spoken by so many people worldwide, it really is an exciting time for the language. Just as American and British versions are always changing, so are versions spoken in Canada, Singapore, and elsewhere. At the same time, an entirely new version of English is appearing on the Internet with whole new slang and writing styles. In a way, learning English is an ever-ending process, even for native speakers!
Questions 61—65Answer the following questions according to the passage.
61. Why does the English of 1,000 years ago seem a foreign language to modern speakers?62. What aspects are discussed to show the changes of English in history?63. When did scholars try to make English spelling more consistent?64. What are some languages that English has borrowed words from?65. Where can we see an entirely new version of English?
【參考答案】
61. Because in English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has gone through major changes over the years. 62. Pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary. 63. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 64. Languages such as French, Spanish, and Arabic. 65. On the Internet.
（三）完成摘要
首先要閱讀原文，抓住表達文章主旨大意的關鍵詞或中心句。對於一些關鍵的句子，可以邊讀邊在下面畫線標出，便於做題時查找。另外，對原文的各個段落的大意也要做到心中有數。做題時，涉及某一部分的內容時，就可以迅速地到原文的相關段落中查找。
【題例解析】
Section CQuestions 66—70 are based on the following passages.
The average automatic teller machine (ATM) is not very smart. It will give money to anyone who has the right card and punches four or five keys in the right order. Some analysts estimate that as many as 30% of ATM transactions worldwide are cases of theft. To increase security at cash machines, some banks have tried to make their ATMs a little smarter. A small camera on the machine looks directly into the eye of every customer. Its cans one iris and compares the tiny patterns of ridges, dots, and other features to a code in its computer. If there is a match, the ATM will start counting out cash. If not, a message is automatically sent to the nearest police station.
Iris-scanning is one fast-growing form of biometric identification—determining who someone is by examining features of the body. One of the earliest biometric techniques was fingerprinting. The lines on fingertips are unique to each person, so not even identical twins have the same fingerprints. Fingerprinting has become famous as a way of finding out who committed a crime, but it very often fails. A careful criminal can wear gloves, avoid touching things, or even alter his fingerprints by burning, cutting, or scraping them. In the search for a more reliable system, security experts have focused on the eye.
Like a fingerprint, every iris is, for all practical purposes, unique. Each person’s right iris is even different from his or her left one. A low-cost digital camera, like the kind installed at ATM machines, can easily detect hundreds of different features in the iris. The chance of two irises having the same features is close to zero. Tests have shown that iris-scanners are very hard to fool. They can tell the difference between a real iris and a false one. They can see right through coloured contact lenses, eyeglasses, and even mirrored sunglasses. Although many criminals are willing to burn or cut their fingers in pursuit of the perfect crime, few would be willing or able to alter their irises.
To make iris-scanning work, a computerized database has to match certain iris features with certain people. This means that each ATM customer has to allow a bank to photograph his or her iris and keep that highly personal information in a computer. Some people have worried, however, that an increased use of iris-scanning will lead to a dangerous loss of privacy. By mounting iris-scan cameras in public places, governments could track a private citizen all day long without the person’s knowledge. This would be a great advantage to the police, but it could also give corrupt officials a new way to control their opponents. The military’s development of tiny robots suggests that government iris-scanners could even invade private homes!
Questions 66—70Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form where necessary, with only one word for each blank.
ATM transactions are often cases of theft, where an unauthorized user takes (66). To decrease in security, some banks have installed iris-scanning machine sat ATMs. These small cameras scan the user』 s iris, recording its features and (67) them to a digital file. Every person has a (68) iris, making iris identification highly reliable. Earlier efforts at biometric identification often relied on fingerprints. However, fingerprints can easily be (69) through cutting, burning or scraping. Iris scanners are so effective that they can even see through contact lenses and mirrored sunglasses. Use of iris scanners would provide great advantages to the police. However, others worry about a loss of (70).
【參考答案】
66. money
67. comparing
68. unique
69. altered
70. privacy
溫馨提示：歷年大英競賽真題、樣題電子版整理在公眾號：斜槓青年王二狗，自行前往列印！