Let’s embark on overseas farming

文：唐莉

近年來，中國農業從積極引進外資和增加境外投資兩方面著力：今年6月，新版外資准入負面清單進一步放寬了農業領域外資准入，在2018年版允許外商投資小麥、玉米之外農作物種子生產的基礎上，進一步取消了禁止外商投資野生動植物資源開發的規定，展現了擴大開放和推動農業優化發展的決心；截至2018年底，我國農業對外投資存量超過189.8億美元，較2003年底增長了22倍，實施了850多個涉農項目，平均投資規模超過2000萬美元，並逐漸向「一帶一路」共建國家聚集。

In recent years, China’s agriculture has made great efforts to attract foreign investment and increase overseas investment: in June this year, the new negative list of foreign investment access further relaxed the foreign investment access in agriculture. On the basis of allowing foreign investment in seed production of crops other than wheat and corn in the 2018 edition, the ban on foreign investment in wild animal and plant resources development was further lifted, demonstrating China’s determination to expand opening-up and promote the optimal development of agriculture; by the end of 2018, China’s agricultural foreign investment stock had exceeded 18.98 billion US dollars, up 22 times from the end of 2003. China has implemented more than 850 agriculture-related projects, with an average investment scale of more than 20 million US dollars, and gradually gathered in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) co-construction countries.

從「引進來」到「走出去」，從到海外種地到建立全產業鏈農業產業園區，從重「量」的積累到保「質」的提升，中國農業走出了一條從單打獨鬥到跨國合作，一段從自給自足到互幫互助的發展之旅。

From 「bringing in」 to 「going global」, from overseas farming to the establishment of a full industrial chain agricultural industrial park, from the accumulation of 「quantity」 to the promotion of 「quality」, China’s agriculture has stepped out of a journey from single-handedness to cross-border cooperation and from self-sufficiency to mutual assistance and development.

走，到海外種地去

Let’s embark on overseas farming

劉進（化名）是來自黑龍江的一名企業家，他在俄羅斯遠東地區經營著36萬畝土地。「俄羅斯有大片無人耕種的土地。」劉進說，「這個國家很需要像我們這樣，懂得如何種田的人。」

Liu Jin (pseudonym) is a business man from Heilongjiang Province who runs 360,000 mu of land in Russian Far East. 「Russia has a large area of uncultivated land,」 Liu Jin said, 「and this country needs people like us who know how to farm.」

中國人到哪裡似乎都有濃厚的種地情結，看不得土地荒廢著，總希望那上面能長出點兒什麼，農作物也好，青草也罷。而似乎沒有什麼土地是擅長種地的中國人種不了的，在非洲沙漠裡種植水稻，在海邊鹽鹼地里種出瓜果，在荒島種植蔬菜自給自足……

The Chinese people seem to have a strong feeling of farming wherever they go. They cannot stand the sight of the land lying fallow, and always hope that something can grow on it, whether it is crops or grass. It seems that no land is untillable to Chinese people who are good at farming. They managed to grow rice in the African desert, melons and fruits in the saline-alkali land by the sea, and vegetables on desert islands...

廣闊的土地、便宜的勞動力、稀缺的供應，海外種地成為一個頗具發展潛力的領域，早就看中海外種地發展潛力的不僅劉進一人。

With vast land, cheap labor force, and scarce supply, overseas farming has become an area with great development potential. Liu Jin is not the only one who has long valued the development potential of overseas farming.

2018年1月，來自山西省陽泉市的李貴林走進蒙古國廣袤的田野里，規划著未來的藍圖。1月的蒙古國寒氣逼人，滴水成冰，平均氣溫在-20℃左右，可作為盂縣烏河農業開發有限公司董事長的李貴林卻在這冰天雪地里渾身冒汗，從兩個月前公司在蒙古國種植的16萬畝油菜全部收穫到現在，李貴林每天都要會見不同的油料加工企業代表，洽談訂購油菜籽事宜。自2011年與蒙古國AGC農業有限公司達成合作協議，共同投資開發蒙古國農業項目以來，李貴林已經成為蒙古國的種植大戶。幾年來，孟縣烏河農業開發有限公司在保證國內農產品加工企業優質原料來源，提高國內農產品加工龍頭企業生產經營能力的同時，還為蒙古國解決了土地荒蕪、人員就業等問題，並為蒙古國發展現代農業注入了新活力。

In January 2018, Li Guilin from Yangquan City, Shanxi Province stepped into Mongolia’s vast fields and planned the blueprint for the future. Mongolia is cold and icy in January, with an average temperature around -20℃. However, Li Guilin, Chairman of Wuhe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Yu County, was sweating all over in this cold and icy weather: since the 160,000 mu of rape planted by the company in Mongolia two months ago has been fully harvested, Li Guilin has met with representatives of different oil processing enterprises every day to discuss ordering rapeseed. Since reaching a cooperation agreement with Mongolia Agriculture Co., Ltd. in 2011 to jointly invest in the development of Mongolia’s agricultural projects, Li Guilin has become a major grower in Mongolia. Over the past few years, Wuhe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. in Yu County has not only ensured the source of high-quality raw materials for domestic agricultural products processing enterprises and improved the production and operation capacity of domestic leading agricultural products processing enterprises, but also solved the problems of barren land and employment for Mongolia and injected new vitality into the development of modern agriculture in Mongolia.

2015年，遼寧三和礦業投資有限公司與剛果(金)政府達成合作意向，在剛果(金)利卡西市投資興建了剛果(金)農場，種植水稻1500畝、棕櫚樹25萬棵。如今，農場已發展成為剛果(金)最大的棕櫚油及相關副產品生態農業園。

In 2015, Liaoning’s Sanhe Mining Investment Co., Ltd. reached an agreement with the government of Congo (DRC) to invest in the construction of a Congo (DRC) farm in Congo (DRC)’s Likasi, planting 1,500 mu of rice and 250,000 palm trees. Today, the farm has developed into the largest palm oil and related by-products eco-agricultural garden in Congo (DRC).

……

「一帶一路」倡議提出以來，到海外種地更是成為一種潮流，尤其在「一帶一路」沿線國家。沿線國家具有豐富的農業資源，為中國農業「走出去」帶來市場。截至2018年底，中國在「一帶一路」沿線國家投資的農業合作項目達657個。而糧食種植產業鏈有望成為重點合作領域，預計「一帶一路」種植業產業鏈合作的市場空間約在5500億元以上。

Since the BRI was put forward, overseas farming has become a trend, especially in BRI countries. The BRI countries have rich agricultural resources, bringing markets for China’s agriculture to go global. By the end of 2018, China had invested 657 agricultural cooperation projects in BRI countries. The grain planting industry chain is expected to become a key area of cooperation. It is estimated that the market space for cooperation in the BRI planting industry chain is about 550 billion yuan or more.

當然，隨著中國農業的發展，不少涉農龍頭企業不再滿足於單一的種植業，他們將種植與農產品深加工、物流等融於一體，建設農業全產業鏈合作園區，農業「走出去」更顯根深葉茂。

With the development of China’s agriculture, many leading agriculture-related enterprises are no longer satisfied with a single planting industry. They integrate planting with deep processing of agricultural products and logistics, and build a cooperative park for the whole agricultural industry chain, enabling agriculture 「going global」 even more deeply rooted.

農場升級版！建農業合作區

Farm upgrade! Build agricultural cooperation zones

在吉爾吉斯首都比什凱克以東60公里的楚河谷地，河南貴友實業集團董事長張金洲經營著一座大型農場——亞洲之星農業產業合作區。溫室蔬菜大棚內，瓜果飄香，蔬菜鮮嫩；現代化雞舍里，數十萬隻肉雞、蛋雞，雞聲鼎沸。「在吉爾吉斯，居民餐桌上每消費兩隻雞，就有一隻來自亞洲之星合作區。」亞洲之星合作區副經理張世威說。

In the Chu River valley, 60 kilometers east of Kyrgyzstan’s capital Bishkek, Zhang Jinzhou, Chairman of Henan Guiyou Industrial Group, runs a large farm, the Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone. In the vegetable greenhouse, melons and fruits are fragrant and vegetables are fresh and tender; in the modernized chicken houses, hundreds of thousands of broiler chickens and laying hens are clucking. 「In Kyrgyzstan, for every two chickens consumed, one comes from the Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone,」 said Zhang Shiwei, Deputy Manager of Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone.

從八年前閒置十多年的荒廢農場，到如今建成種植、養殖、屠宰、加工等多個廠區，集牛羊屠宰生產線、食品深加工生產線、印刷包裝、冷鏈物流等於一體的全產業鏈發展模式，亞洲之星合作區已成為中亞地區產業鏈最完整、基礎設施最完善的農業產業合作區。2016年8月，中國認定了10個境外園區為首批境外農業合作示範區建設試點，亞洲之星農業產業合作區就是其中之一。

From the abandoned farms that were idle for more than a decade 8 years ago to the many factories that have now been built for planting, breeding, slaughtering and processing, the whole industrial chain development mode integrates cattle and sheep slaughtering production line, food deep processing production line, printing and packaging, and cold chain logistics. The Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone has become the agricultural industry cooperation zone with the complete industrial chain and infrastructure in Central Asia. In August 2016, China identified 10 overseas parks as the first batch of overseas agricultural cooperation demonstration zone construction pilots, of which Asia Star Agricultural Industry Cooperation Zone has a place.

其他的境外農業合作區也不斷結出碩果。

Other overseas agricultural cooperation zones have also continued to bear fruit.

塔吉克-中國農業合作示範區實現了中國與塔吉克在農業領域的深度合作，吸引上下游企業來塔投資，逐步完善「兩園三基地」格局，形成了上下游聯動的勞動密集型產業集群，帶動當地就業4000餘人，年繳納稅費1000萬美元以上，實現了農業產品就地加工轉換，產品銷往西亞、歐洲等地區，促進了中西亞等國的互聯互通。

Tajikistan-China Agricultural Cooperation Demonstration Zone has realized in-depth cooperation between China and Tajikistan in the agricultural field, attracting upstream and downstream enterprises to invest in Tajikistan, gradually improving the pattern of 「two gardens and three bases」, forming a labor-intensive industrial cluster linking upstream and downstream, creating more than 4,000 jobs for the local people, paying more than 10 million US dollars in taxes and fees annually, realizing the on-site processing and conversion of agricultural products, selling products to West Asia, Europe and other regions, and promoting connectivity among Central and Western Asian countries.

柬埔寨-中國熱帶生態農業合作示範區的香蕉種植實現了現代化、規模化生產，並連獲豐收。示範區以香蕉產業為突破口，探索建立符合當地實際的產業標準，並向我國成功申請了香蕉出口資質。

Cambodia-China Tropical Ecological Agricultural Cooperation Demonstration Zone has achieved modernization and large-scale production of banana cultivation, with a bumper harvest. Taking the banana industry as a breakthrough point, the demonstration zone has been exploring the establishment of industry standards in line with local conditions and has successfully applied for banana export qualification to China.

……

2019年的中央一號文件對境外建立農業合作區發出了明確積極的信號，「要加大境外農業合作示範區和農業對外合作試驗區建設力度，引導企業到『一帶一路』共建國家和地區建設農產品生產、加工、倉儲、物流基地」。這無疑給「走出去」的中國涉農企業打了一劑「強心針」。

Central Document No.1 of 2019 sends a clear and positive signal to the establishment of agricultural cooperation zones abroad. The document proposes to strengthen the construction of overseas agricultural cooperation demonstration zones and agricultural foreign cooperation experimental zones, and guide enterprises to build agricultural production, processing, storage and logistics bases in BRI countries and regions. This is undoubtedly a booster to the 「going global」 of Chinese agricultural enterprises.

農業合作已成為「一帶一路」沿線國家和地區共建利益共同體和命運共同體的最佳結合點之一。農業農村部部長韓長賦指出，中國在「一帶一路」國家農業投資達到80.5億美元，帶動了當地糧食、棉花、畜牧、農產品加工等產業發展。

Agricultural cooperation has become one of the best combination points for BRI countries and regions to build a community of shared interests and a community of shared future. Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, pointed out that China’s agricultural investment in BRI countries reached 8.05 billion US dollars, driving the development of local industries such as grain, cotton, animal husbandry and agricultural product processing.

有來有往，方能長久。中國農業在「走出去」的同時，也積極擴大招商引資，藉助國外先進的技術、管理模式等進一步推進中國農業的高質量發展。

Only when combined with 「bringing in」 can 「going global」 last for long. While China’s agriculture is 「going global」, it is also actively expanding its investment promotion and attracting foreign investment, and promoting the high-quality development of China’s agriculture with the help of foreign advanced technologies and management modes.

「引進來」讓農業合作迎風起舞

「Bringing in」 invigorates agricultural cooperation

北京市大興區長子營鎮羅莊村，坐落著一個由北京京農智慧農業有限公司打造的智慧農業產業園區。走進園區的玻璃溫室，入眼便是長20米的番茄藤蔓，從一行行整齊的無土栽培槽中延伸出來，向上攀爬到4米多高的鋼架上。從上到下，成串番茄因所處生長期不同，個頭由小到大，顏色由綠變紅。

In Luozhuang Village, Changziying Town, Daxing District, Beijing, there is a smart agricultural industrial park built by Beijing Jingnong Smart Agriculture Co., Ltd. Walking into the glasshouses of the park, you can see 20 meters long tomato vines, which extend out from the neat rows of soil-free cultivation tanks and climb up to the steel frame more than 4 meters high. From top to bottom, due to the different growth periods of the bunches of tomatoes, the size of the tomatoes changes from small to large and the color changes from green to red.

「這是公司引進的世界最先進的荷蘭智慧溫室建造技術和種植技術，通過自動控制系統實現農業生產工廠化。智慧農業的標誌性特徵就是布設自動化控制系統，讓農業生產工廠化。」公司總經理王舸說，5.1萬平方米的番茄種植，僅需7個專業指導人員。一株藤蔓7天-10天即可成熟一串番茄，採摘期長達8個月，比傳統種植方式的三四個月多出一倍，每天可採摘4000公斤左右。

「This is smart agriculture in which our company has introduced the world’s most advanced Dutch smart greenhouse construction technology and planting technology, and realized the industrialization of agricultural production through an automatic control system. The symbolic feature of smart agriculture is to set up the automatic control system to make factory-like agricultural production,」 noted Wang Ge, General Manager of the company, adding that for 51,000 square meters of tomato cultivation, only 7 professional guides are needed. Tomatoes on a vine can be ripened in 7 to 10 days with 8 months of picking period, which is twice as long as 3 to 4 months in the traditional planting method. Currently, about 4,000 kilograms of tomatoes can be picked every day.

從早期的引進先進農機設備，到改革開放後開始利用國外種質資源選育新品種，比如引進蒙古牛、西門塔爾牛，用來雜交改良本地牛；再到引進溫室、無土栽培、滴灌等先進技術，中國農業「引進來」從無到有，從零散到成套，在不斷消化吸收中推進農業不斷朝著高質量發展。

From the early introduction of advanced agricultural machinery and equipment to the use of foreign germplasm resources to breed new varieties such as the introduction of Mongolian cattle and Simmental cattle for crossbreeding and improvement of local cattle after the reform and opening-up, and to the introduction of advanced technologies such as greenhouse, soilless culture and drip irrigation, by applying 「bringing in」, China’s agriculture has developed from scratch, and from scattered to complete, pushing forward the continuous development of agriculture towards high quality through continuous digestion and absorption.

4月，第十三屆中國河南國際投資貿易洽談會期間，德國魯道夫沙爾平戰略諮詢交流股份公司與河南省洽談建設「農業4.0」循環農業科技示範園項目。預計項目全部實施後，可帶動農戶種植面積50萬畝以上，年出欄商品豬50萬頭，實現農、牧、農產品加工銷售年收入15億元以上，利稅1億元以上。

In April, during the 13th China (Henan) International Investment & Trade Fair, German Rudolf Albert SCHARPING Strategic Consulting and Exchange Co., Ltd. held talks with Henan Province on the construction of 「Agriculture 4.0」 recycling agricultural science and technology demonstration park project. It is estimated that after the project is fully implemented, it will drive farmers to plant an area of more than 500,000 mu, reach a marketable fattened stock of 500,000 commercial pigs annually, and realize an annual income of over 1.5 billion yuan and a profit and tax of over 100 million yuan for the processing and sales of agriculture and animal husbandry products.

在江蘇，隆力奇集團和以色列Aurec公司共同投資的蘇州金力奇有機農業有限責任公司是國內最先引進微葉菜種植技術的公司，採用水培無土種植技術種植綠色蔬菜和水果，其微葉菜10天即可完成從種植到收割。

In Jiangsu, Suzhou Jinliqi Organic Agriculture Co., Ltd., jointly invested by Longrich Group and Israeli Aurec Company, is the first company in China to introduce microgreens planting technology, which uses hydroponic soil-free planting technology to grow green vegetables and fruits.The microgreens can be harvested in ten days after seeding.

在上海，上海東郁與歐洲室內農業綜合解決方案提供商Infinite Acres達成合作協議，雙方將在上海市周邊建設一個室內垂直農場，為長三角地區提供潔凈、新鮮、營養和美味的高品質果蔬產品，探索在人口稠密的城市地區發展室內食物生產的可能性。

In Shanghai, Shanghai Dongyu has reached a cooperation agreement with Infinite Acres, a European provider of comprehensive solutions for indoor agriculture. The two sides will build an indoor vertical farm around Shanghai to provide clean, fresh, nutritious and delicious high-quality fruit and vegetable products for the Yangtze River Delta region and explore the possibility of developing indoor food production in densely populated urban areas.

中國農業市場風起雲湧，開放的大門不斷擴大，對外商放寬農業限制規定的出台也吸引著更多外國資本，市場競爭也愈加激烈，網易養豬、騰訊養鵝、京東養雞、聯想種藍莓……有人說，中國下一個萬億級市場必然出現在農業領域。站在風口浪尖，用好這些力量，農業合作必將迎風起舞。

China’s agricultural market is surging, the open door is constantly expanding, the introduction of regulations to relax agricultural restrictions on foreign investors also attracts more foreign capital, and the market becomes more competitive. Netease raises pigs, Tencent raises geese, Jingdong raises chickens, Lenovo grows blueberries... It is highly likely that China’s next trillion-yuan worth of market is bound to appear in agriculture. Giving full play to these forces while standing at the forefront of development, agricultural cooperation will surely usher in an invigorating era.

更多精彩內容詳見《一帶一路報道（中英文）》

國內統一連續出版物號：CN51-1788/F

國際標準連續出版物號：ISSN2096-2886

郵發代號：62-625

投稿郵箱：[email protected]

編輯：向雯

審核：彭納

主編：鄧灼

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