過去完成時：
過去完成時(The Past Perfect Tense) ：表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作，對過去的某一點 造成 的某種影響或是結果，用來指在另一個過去行動之前就已經完成了的 事件 。
在英語時態中，「時「指 動作 發生的時間，」態「指動作的樣子和 狀態 。
它表示動作發生的時間是「 過 去的過去 」， 側重 事情的結果。
基本構成：
主語+had+過去分詞(done)+其他成分
肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞
I had arrived.
我已經到了。
He had sent the letter.
他已經寄了這封信。
否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞
However,Her father had not brought her birthday presents.
然而，她的父親沒有給她買生日禮物。
一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞?
肯定回答：Yes,主語+had.
否定回答：No,主 語+had not .
Had Lisa gone to costume ball ?
麗莎已經去化妝舞會了嗎?
Yes,she had. 是的，她去了。
No,she hadn't. 沒有，她沒去。
特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語+過去分詞)?
Why had The Castle become a memory of generation?
為什麼電影城堡已經成為了一代的記憶?
(1)by, by the time (of), by the end of + 過去時間
(2)when. before. after…….+過去時間
(3)up till then (直到時); up until last night(直到昨晚)等。
(4)already, just, ever, yet 等。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先於主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發生有先後關係，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在後的要用一般過去時。
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中，由於 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先後關係，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
用法：
1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成或結束，即發生在「過去的過去」。
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒來時，雨已經停了。(主句的動作發生在「過去的過去」)
2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態，表示的是「過去的過去」，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。
He told me that he had written a new book.
(had written 發生在 told 之前 )
3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導的短語或從句連用。
Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態在過去某時之前已經開始，一直延續到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結束，仍然有繼續下去的可能。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續進行下去的可能)
If I I had taken your advice, I would have got a good grade in the exam.
如果我聽取了你的建議，我將會在考試中取得好的成績。(had taken表明過去我沒有採取建議)
I expect that I had been an intern in that company.
我希望我已經是那個公司的一名實習生。(同樣地，我並不是這個公司的實習生)
Honestly,if only I had studied in university.
說真的，要是我在大學學習多好!(事實上我沒有，與現實相反)
I wish I had been awarded the prize in the sports meeting.
我希望我在運動會上被授予了獎勵。(事實上獲獎不存在)
一些引導詞 since, until, no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarcely...when 等，一般可視為 "had done" 出現的信號,從句常用一般過去時。
No sooner had Whitney Houston began to sing a song than there was an instant sensation.
惠特妮·休斯頓一開始唱歌，就引起了瞬時的轟動。(注意：這裡由於no sooner 否定前置，句子謂語部分倒裝，所以」had」提前)
It was a long time since Darcy had lived in this city.
達西住在這座城市已經有很長時間了。(達西在過去的某個時間點之前就住在這座城市)
had planned to do(本計劃做而沒有做,與過去事實相反)
主句用過去完成，when/than後的從句用一般過去。為什麼?
Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.我一到家天就開始下雨。
雖然到家的時間點和開始下雨的時間點非常接近，但是嚴格來說，
主句動作到家發生在從句動作下雨之前(過去的過去)，所以用had done。
注意主語主從句時態，本質上來自於現在完成三句式
只需要把主從句都提前一個時態。即把主句一般現在提前為一般過去，把現在完成和一般過去提前為過去完成。