A-Level經濟篇:elasticity分析題思路指津

2022-03-09     新航道長沙學校

原標題:A-Level經濟篇:elasticity分析題思路指津

elasticity算是經濟U1的重點之一,很多同學也容易混淆這裡的知識點,今天我就以往年的一道真題來給大家講一下解題思路,希望大家有所啟發,能在日後的做題中舉一反三。

2014年1月真題

名師解析

首先看題目,讓你判斷是elastic還是inelastic,我們要想到這道題考查的是彈性裡面price elasticity of supply部分的內容。題目中「discuss」提示詞,以及括號里10分的題目分值,可知這裡要考查兩面性思維,因此要從正反兩個角度去答題。

【10分題給分細則:KAA6+Ev4】

正面思考:

第一步:回答PES(price elasticity of supply)定義、elastic與inelastic的區別。

Price elasticity of supply:a measure of the responsiveness of quantity supplied to a change in price. When PES>1, it is elastic; when 0

第二步:結合材料去判斷black tea的供給價格彈性是elastic還是inelastic。

Price elasticity of supply of black tea is likely to be inelastic.【An1】This is because:

The world’s main producer--India and Sri Lanka have no extra land available for tea cultivation and Kenya has very little land for planting tea. The land for tea gardens is very difficult to find. Some land is available in Rwanda and Vietnam but this takes time to develop.【Ap1】

Tea bushes can only be harvested six years after they are planted. So the supply can』t keep the pace of the demand. 【Ap1】

The stock can reduce price fluctuation. But buffer stock scheme was never attempted because of major obstacle of funding, storability and the difficulty of achieving agreement from tea growers.【Ap1】

反面思考:

第三步:逆向思維,black tea的供給有可能會是inelastic的(這裡是結合題目中的暗示),或者是uncertain(這裡是需要自己結合行業背景進行合理髮揮)。

In the long run, Rwanda and Vietnam may develop more land to produce black tea. And technical progress may solve the difficulty of stock or reduce the period of planting. In these case, the PES may become elastic. 【Ev2】

Besides, tea plantation depends on climate. If there is drought or flood, the supply will decrease. And farmers』entry and exit to the tea market also influences PES. So there is no guarantee that PES will be elastic in the long run. 【Ev2】

(做筆記:長短期思考方式所帶來的不同結論正是常見的evaluation得分點。)

知識拓展:

為什麼stock(庫存)可以減少價格波動呢?

///

stock就像一個供給儲備器一樣,當市場的價格比較低的時候,生產者會有惜售心理,行動上就會傾向於囤貨等待高價再出售,此時market supply減少,推動價格上升;而當價格比較低的時候,生產者就會急於出貨賺取更多收入,此時market supply增加,使得價格下降。所以,有stock時的價格波動範圍會小於沒有stock時的價格波動範圍。也正因如此,政府會對很多農作物(如棉花、大豆、玉米等)進行囤積儲備,在豐收年份購買過剩的產品,使得價格不要降的太低,維護農民的收入與生產積極性;在欠收年份出售之前儲備的產品,使得價格不要太高,保證普羅大眾能夠買得起這些生活所必需之物。

文章來源: https://twgreatdaily.com/zh-mo/1390461a3cac158a30d59891ad2ebd75.html