最近大家都在密切关注新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)疫情,无论是朋友圈,微信群,还是身边的人,对疫情都很重视。也有航班上已经出现了疫情。
很多人也在询问我关于再循环风扇气滤与防病毒相关的问题。下面简单分享以下我看到的材料吧。
关于新型冠状病毒
Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
新型冠状病毒是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株。
冠状病毒因其表面的树冠状刺而得名。冠状病毒有四个主要的亚群,即α、β、γ和δ。
人类冠状病毒最早于20世纪60年代中期被发现。目前已知能感染人类的冠状病毒有7种。
常见人类冠状病毒:
1. 229E(α冠状病毒)
2. NL63(α冠状病毒)
3. OC43(β冠状病毒)
4. HKU1(β冠状病毒)
其他人类冠状病毒:
5. MERS-CoV(引起中东呼吸综合征(MERS)的β冠状病毒)
6. SARS冠状病毒(引起严重急性呼吸综合征或SARS的β冠状病毒)
7. 2019新型冠状病毒(2019 nCoV)
人通常感染人类冠状病毒229E、NL63、OC43和HKU1。
一些已知的冠状病毒在动物中传播,但尚未感染人类。随着全球监测工作的改善,可能会发现更多冠状病毒。
有时感染动物的冠状病毒会进化,使人生病,成为一种新的人类冠状病毒。
最近的三个例子是:
2019 nCoV 典型症状:
治疗和预防
新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎目前缺乏有效治疗方法。日常生活管理重在预防感染和对疑似及确诊病例进行有效隔离。
有缺氧、呼吸困难的患者,应及时给予氧疗(如鼻导管吸氧、面罩吸氧),必要时给予无创或有创呼吸机支持。
预防:
新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎暂时没有有效的疫苗预防方法。做好个人防护是最切实可行的办法,这包括不要去人群聚集处、勤洗手、多饮水、注意休息等。
日常生活管理:
基于以前非典的经验,该病潜伏期可有2~14天,如有与确诊或疑似患者接触历史,即使暂时没有发热等症状,也需要主动隔离。
关于更多冠状病毒的内容,可以去WHO网站查看:
关于再循环空气滤
About Recirculation Air Filter
再循环空气滤是高效的空气微粒过滤器(HEPA),去除微粒能达到细菌和微生物级别。
737NG飞机再循环空气滤安装在再循环风扇空气入口:
之前厂家的回复:
Q:
Can the Recirculation Air Filter of the Boeing fleet effectively filter viruses?
A:
The HEPA filters installed at the inlet of the recirculation fans for 737NG, 737MAX, 777, and 787 are capable of filtering out airborne viruses such as MERS and SARS, which are corona viruses (individual virus size is approximately 0.06 to 0.22 microns). In addition, the corona viruses are often associated with larger size particles.
安装在再循环风扇入口处的高效空气过滤器可以过滤空气中的病毒,如MERS和SARS,这些病毒是冠状病毒(单个病毒大小约为0.06至0.22微米)。此外,冠状病毒通常存在于较大的颗粒中。
Q:
What is the size of the particles that can be filtered?
A:
The efficiency of a HEPA filter is at 99.97% at 0.3 microns size (mean diameter) particles and 99.9% at the most penetrating particle size at approximately 0.1 microns.
高效空气过滤器对直径为0.3微米(平均直径,头发直径的1/200)以上的微粒去除效率可达到99.97%以上,对最易穿透的粒径在0.1微米的微粒,去除效率可达到99.9%。
Public health officials, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have experience with both of these viruses and have indicated that HEPA filtration is an adequate environmental control.
公共卫生官员、世界卫生组织(who)和美国疾病控制和预防中心(cdc)对这两种病毒都有经验,并表示高效空气过滤器是一种适当的环境控制手段。
NOTE: The National Academy of Sciences indicates that spread of disease on aircraft is most likely due to close proximity to the index case and not via the recirculation system.
注:美国国家科学院指出,疾病在飞机上的传播最可能是由于与病例的亲密接触,而不是通过再循环系统。
飞机上有疑似新型冠状病毒疫情的处理
Boeing Recommendations regarding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
对于新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)的处理,当前还是参照之前的非典(SARS):
1. 飞机消毒
Airplane disinfection.
The CDC recently released "Interim Guidance for Cleaning of Commercial Passenger Aircraft Following a Flight with a Passenger with Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)". A copy is attached to all base message M-7200-03-00705. It can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/sars/aircraftcleanup.htm When disinfecting
When disinfecting an airplane, only use Boeing approved disinfectant EcoTru 1453 or EcoTru FMD. Use of disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite and formaldehyde (formalin) are not allowed as it may corrode the airplane metallic structures. An example disinfection procedure is attached to all base message M-7200-03-00705.
对飞机进行消毒时,只能使用波音批准的EcoTru 1453或EcoTru FMD。不允许使用消毒剂如次氯酸钠和甲醛(福马林),因为它们可能腐蚀飞机的金属结构。
2. 在安装了高效过滤器或更好的过滤器时,请持续使用再循环风扇
Continued use of re-circulation fans when HEPA type or better filters are installed.
Leave the re-circulation fans "ON" with HEPA type or better filters installed (see filter list attachment), even when there is a suspected SARS case on board. The HEPA type filters are effective against viruses and bacteria. The recirculation airflow contributes to the total airflow in the cabin and minimizes aisle flow. Turning "OFF" the recirculation fans will decrease the total airflow to the cabin and increase aisle flow as the cabin air migrates to the outflow valve(s).
安装了高效能空气过滤器或更好的过滤器(请参阅过滤器清单附件)时,即使飞机上有疑似非典型肺炎病例,也应该开启再循环风扇。HEPA型过滤器对阻止病毒和细菌很有效。再循环气流有助于机舱内的总空气流通,并最大限度地减少需要的通道气流。关闭再循环风扇将减少进入客舱的总气流量,并在客舱气流流出外排活门时增加通道气流量。
If there is a suspected SARS case on board an airplane that is NOT fitted with HEPA type filters, Boeing DOES recommend turning off the applicable recirculation fans.
如果飞机上有疑似非典病例,但没有安装HEPA型过滤器,波音公司建议关闭相应的再循环风扇。
3.推荐的再循环系统过滤器
Recommended re-circulation system filters
HEPA type filters (Boeing defined as 94% and better efficiency at 0.3 microns) are effective for filtering out viruses and bacteria. A list of filter part information by model is provided as an attachment to this article. Other acceptable filters may be approved by the FAA via the filter supplier STC (Supplemental Type Certificate) process. Operators may wish to contact their regulatory authority for approval prior to installation of other filters.
HEPA型过滤器(波音定义为0.3微米效率在94%以上)能有效过滤病毒和细菌。作为本文的附件,提供了按机型排列的过滤器部件信息表。其他可接受的过滤器可以通过过滤器供应商STC(补充类型证书)的程序,由联邦航空局批准。航空公司在安装其他过滤器前,可先与监管当局联络,以获得批准。
Continue to use the existing remove and replace intervals for recirculation filters as documented in the Maintenance Planning Data document, or as established in an operator’s customized maintenance program.
持续使用维护计划数据文档中记录的或航空公司制定的维护程序中建立的再循环过滤器现有拆卸和更换间隔。
注:737NG再循环风扇气滤更换间隔为7500飞行小时(以每天飞10小时,大约2年更换一次)。
4. 再循环过滤器拆卸的维修管理
Maintenance handling of recirculation filters during removal
Existing procedures provide general precautions that should always be taken when dealing with such filters. Boeing has reviewed all AMM procedures for filter removal. The following revised procedure is planned for incorporation into all AMM filter removal procedures:
现行程序提供了处理这类过滤器时应始终采取的一般预防措施。波音公司已经检查了所有的AMM过滤器拆除程序。计划将下列经修订的程序纳入所有AMM过滤器拆除程序:
注:并不只针对出现疫情后的更换,平时更换再循环风扇气滤也应该穿戴好防护设备。
Equipment:
(1) Protective suit (disposable) (commercially available).
(2) Protective mask (disposable) - N95 or better (commercially available).
(3) Protective eyewear (disposable) (commercially available).
(4) Protective gloves (disposable) (commercially available).
设备:
(1)防护服(一次性)(市面上有售)。
(2)防护面罩(一次性)-N95或更好(市面上有售)。
(3)防护眼镜(一次性)(市面上有售)。
(4)防护手套(一次性)(市面上有售)。
Procedure:
(1) Make sure you wear the above equipment. WARNING: BE CAREFUL WHEN YOU TOUCH THE AIR FILTERS BECAUSE THERE IS POSSIBLE CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION IN THE AIR FILTER SUCH AS ALLERGENS, IRRITANTS, AND BIOLOGICAL MICROORGANISMS SUCH AS BACTERIA, VIRUSES, MOLD SPORES, AND FUNGI. WHEN YOU TOUCH THE AIR FILTER, THERE IS A BIOHAZARD THAT CAN CAUSE INJURY. DO NOT DROP, HIT, OR SHAKE THE FILTER.
(2) Remove the air filter.
(3) Put the air filter in a biohazard disposal bag.
(4) Remove the protective equipment listed above and put it in a biohazard disposal bag.
程序:
(1)确保佩戴上述装备。警告:接触空气过滤器时要小心,因为空气过滤器可能受到化学和生物污染,如过敏源、刺激物和生物微生物,如细菌、病毒、霉菌孢子和真菌。当你碰到空气过滤器的时候,生物危害可能会造成伤害。不要掉落,敲击,或摇动过滤器。
(2)拆除空气过滤器。
(3)将拆下的空气过滤器放入生物危害垃圾袋中。
(4)取下上述防护装备,装入生物危害垃圾袋。
5. 更换一部分氧气面罩,如果在有非典疑似病例的航班上使用了
Replacement of some oxygen masks, if used on a flight with a suspected SARS case
If an airplane experiences a decompression event, requiring the use of oxygen masks, on a flight suspected of having a SARS infected passenger, Boeing recommends replacement of oxygen mask/regulator assemblies within a 6 foot radius of the suspected passenger. This includes the mask, bag and tubing. Removed masks should be put in a biohazard disposal bag. If a crewmember is suspected of having SARS on a flight with a decompression event requiring the use of oxygen masks or portable equipment, Boeing recommends disinfection or replacement of the equipment used by that crewmember.
在疑似感染了非典型肺炎的乘客的航班中,如果遇到释压事件,使用了氧气面罩,波音公司建议更换在疑似乘客6英尺半径内的氧气面罩/调节器组件。包括面罩,包和管子。拆下的面罩应该放在生物危害垃圾袋里。因释压事件,如果被怀疑患有非典型肺炎机组人员在飞行途中使用了氧气面罩或便携式设备,波音公司建议对该机组人员使用的设备进行消毒或更换。
最后总结
再循环空气滤其实就类似于咱们平常看到的室内空气净化器。注:供到驾驶舱空气都是新鲜引气,不经过再循环气滤。
疾病在飞机上的传播的最可能原因是与病例的亲密接触,而不是通过再循环系统。所以,不要迷信HEPA,戴口罩和手套是最有效的预防办法。
新型冠状病毒让本来祥和的节日气氛很压抑,特别我老家就是湖北的。但时局再难,也要好好过年~不要过度放松,也不要过度紧张,能不出门就不出门,出门一定要带口罩,勤洗手,不要去人多的地方,好好照顾自己和家人。好好陪伴,好好过年。平安是福。祝我们和我们的家人一切都好~
来源: 阮工频道- 阮幼能
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