1.代词及Be动词
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be动词现在时 am are are are is are
be动词过去时 was were were were was were
2.名词的复数
规则变化的名词复数形式：
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shellshells toytoys
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches
规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes
规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g. skyskies studystudies
3.动词的第三人称单数
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches
规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies
4.动词现在分词
规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
规则3 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running,sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping
5.动词过去式
规则动词变化：
规则1 一般动词加-ed e.g.look-looked, watch-watched, play-played
规则2 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived
规则3 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
规则4 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped
过去式的读音：
在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated
6.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级
规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier
规则4 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter
最高级
规则1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest
规则4 重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7.常见缩写
is=\\\\\\\\\\\\'s I am=I\\\\\\\\\\\\'m are=\\\\\\\\\\\\'re
is not=isn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t are not=aren\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
do not=don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
does not=doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
was=\\\\\\\\\\\\'s
did not=didn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
can not=can\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
have=\\\\\\\\\\\\'ve
has=\\\\\\\\\\\\'s
have not=haven\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
has not=hasn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
will=\\\\\\\\\\\\'ll
will not=won\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
shall not=shan\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
新概念第一册：一般过去时
含有be动词的句子
将be动词变为过去式。am, is的过去式为was, are的过去式为were：
I was at the butcher\\\\\\\\\\\\'s.
You were a student a year ago.
The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
变疑问句将be动词移动到句首
Were you at the butcher\\\\\\\\\\\\'s?
Were you a student a year ago?
Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
变否定句在be动词后面加not
I was not at the butcher\\\\\\\\\\\\'s.
You were not a student a year ago.
The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
肯定回答否定回答
Yes, I was. / No, I was not.
Yes, you were. / No, you were not.
Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.
不含be动词的句子
将动词变为过去式：
I finished my homework yesterday.
The boy went to a restaurant.
The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型
Did you finish your homework yesterday?
Did the boy go to a restaurant?
Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?
变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not
I did not finish my homework yesterday.
The boy did not go to a restaurant.
The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I did. / No, I didn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, he did. / No, he didn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, they did. / No, they did not.
新概念第一册：一般现在时
含有be动词的句子
例句：
He is a teacher.
The girl is very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are students.
变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Is he a teacher?
Is the girl very beautiful?
Are Tim and Jack students?
变否定句在be动词后面加not
He is not a teacher.
The girl is not very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are not students.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
不含有be动词的句子
(1)第三人称单数及单数名词
He likes books.
She likes him.
The dog likes bones.
变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型
Does he like books?
Does she like him?
Does the dog like bones?
变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t, 动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。
He doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like books.
She doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like him.
The dog doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like bones.
肯定回答及否定回答：
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
Yes, it does. / No, it doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。
(2)其他人称及复数名词
I want to have a bath.
We have some meat.
The students like smart teachers.
变疑问句在句首加do
Do you want to have a bath?
Do we have any meat?
Do the students like smart teachers?
变否定句在主语和动词之间加don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
You don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t want to have a bath.
We don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t have any meat.
The students don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like smart teachers.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I do. / No, I don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, we do. / No, we don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
Yes, they do. / No, they don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
新概念第一册：现在进行时
现在进行时——表示现在正在进行的动作
构成：主语＋be动词＋动词的现在分词＋其它成分
We are having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The dog is running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
变疑问句
将be动词移到句首：
Are we having lunch?
Is he reading a book?
Is the dog running after a cat?
Are the boys swimming across the river?
变否定句
在be动词后面加 not
We are not having lunch.
He is not reading a book.
The dog is not running after a cat.
The boys are not swimming across the river.
变特殊疑问句
疑问词：what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑问词＋动词＋主语＋现在分词
What are you doing?
What is she doing?
What is the dog doing?
没有进行时的动词（必背）
表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作：
1. 表示感觉，感官的词
see, hear, like, love, want
2. have, has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时
新概念第一册：感叹名/祈使句
感叹句
1） What +名词+主语+谓语
What a beautiful girl she is!
What tall buildings they are!
2） How +形容词+主语+谓语
How beautiful the girl is!
How tall the buildings are!
• 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略：
What a nice present!（省略it is）
How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。
肯定句：动词原型
Come here, please.
Go downstairs, please.
Stand up.
Sit down.
Be quiet.
Be careful.
祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾：
Come in, Amy.
Sit down here, Tom.
Mary, give me a book please.
否定：Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t+动词原型
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t come here.
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t sit down.
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t stand up.
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t give me it.
let sb. do 让某人做
Let me pass.
Let us have a rest.
Let\\\\\\\\\\\\'s have a rest.
反意疑问：
Let\\\\\\\\\\\\'s have a walk along the river, shall we?
Let\\\\\\\\\\\\'s go out for a drink, will you?
新概念第一册：名词
不可数名词
无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice
抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness
不可数名词有以下特点：
不能用a, an修饰；
不能加s；
和单数be动词或动词搭配。
可数名词
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化：
• 规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shellshells bookbooks
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches,busbuses, watchwatches
规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s, radioradios
规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves, shelfshelves,wifewives
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g. skyskies flyflies citycities
• 不规则变化的名词复数形式
man（men） woman（women） foot（feet） goose（geese） tooth（teeth）
child（children） sheep（sheep） deer（deer） mouse（mice） fish（fish）