英语的语态包括两种形式：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.
主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.
他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.
门被开了。(被动句)
构成
His bicycle was stolen.
The building has been built in 2000.
通过上面的例句，可以看出，
被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by +行为发出者”，即be+done+by+行为发出者。
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
(1)You must hand in your homework after class.
Your homework must be handed in after class.
(2)He can write a letter with the computer.
A letter can be written with the computer by him.
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
过去将来时
现在完成时
过去进行时
Dan's bike was stolen last week.
丹的自行车上周被偷了。
My windows were broken yesterday.
我的窗户昨天被打烂了。
Rice is also grown in North China.
华北地区也种水稻。
A new railway station will be built next year.
明年要建一座新的火车站。
这里我们比较一下主动和被动：
Prisoners of War built the bridge.
战俘修建了这座桥。
此句的主句是 Prisoners of War，是来回答 Who built the bridge? 这个问句，所以此句强调的是动作的执行者---战俘，交代战俘做了什么事。
变被动之后：
The bridge was built by Prisoners of War.
这座桥是被战俘修建的。
这样说的话，主语变成了“the bridge”---这座桥，此句是回答 What was built? 所以此句是强调“什么被建造”即强调动作的承受者。
又如：
The book was written by Shi Naian.
这本书是施耐庵写的。
以上是被动语态使用的三种情况或者说时机，第三种虽然强调动作的承受者，但一般也要交代动作的执行者，用 by + 执行者 来表达。
主动语态：人们说英语。
People speak English in many countries.
被动语态：英语被说。
English is spoken in many countries..
主动语态：我们造这座桥。
We built this bridge last year.
被动语态：这座桥被建造。
This bridge was built last year.
主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语)
Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。
You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.
主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语)
You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.
These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.
主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).
They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.
He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.
A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought.
A new computer have been bought. （错误）
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book was showed to the class.
(2) My bike was lent to her.
(1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
The patient is being operated on. T
he problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather
(1) We always keep the classroom clean.
The classroom is always kept clean.
(2) She told us to follow her instructions.
We were told to follow her instructions.
We often hear him play the guitar.
He is often heard to play the guitar.
Nobody can answer this question.
误：The question can be answered by nobody.
正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
7. 以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：
Who wrote the story?
误：Who was the story written?
正：By whom was the story written?
(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
(2)The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
对比：The books sell well. (主动句)
The books were sold out. (被动句)
The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)
The meat was cooked for a long time. (被动句)
(1)— Do you like the material?
— Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
(2)The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious.
(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
如：I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误：Each other is loved.
1.be covered with被……覆盖
2.be made of由……制作(发生物理变化)
be made from由……制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造
be made by被(某人)制造
3.be used for被用来……
be used as被当作(作为)……来使用
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4.It is said that...据说……
It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...众所周知……例如：
The child is sure to be punished for that.
那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。
Such a thing has never been heard of.
这件事前所未闻。
The radio has just been turned off.
收音机刚刚被关上。
The pen writes well.
这枝钢笔写字流畅。
The book sells well.
这本书很畅销。
The car drives well.
The cloth washes easily.
The book is worth reading.
The tree needs watering.
The old lady is easy to get along with.
The question is difficult to answer.
You look unhappy.
The cake tastes delicious.
一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has)done，
被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall(will)do，
被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，
shall(will)be doing。
现在完成时，被动 have(has)been done。
现、过进行be doing，
被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。初中英语难点“被动”语态用法全攻略，中考必考知识