温馨提示：历年四六级真题、翻译押题、作文模板电子版整理在公众号：英语主播皮卡丘，自行前往下载！
17、长江
长江，又名扬子江(the Yangtze River)，全长6300多千米，是中国第一大河，世界第三大河。长江发源于青藏高原(the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau),流经多个省市。因富产粮食，长江中下游被称为“中华文明的摇篮” (the cradle of Chinese civilization)。长江两岸风景优美，有众多的名胜古迹。千百年来，长江在农业、工业、运输及战争中发挥着重要的作用。然而近年来，长江遭受了工业污染和湖泊流失，并由此引发了季节性洪水。
参考译文：
The Changjiang River, or the Yangtze River, has a total length of more than 6,300 km. It is the longest river in China and the third-longest one in the world. It rises in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and flows through many provinces and cities. The middle and lower reaches of the river have been called the cradle of Chinese civilization for their abundance of food produced. Along the two sides of the river is beautiful scenery with many scenic spots and historical sites. For thousands of years, the river has been playing an important role in agriculture，industry, transportation, and war. But in recent years, the river has suffered from industrial pollution and loss of lakes, which has brought seasonal floods.
18、红楼梦
《红楼梦》(A Dream of Red Mansions)写成于18世纪，是中国著名的古典长篇小说。小说共计120回，前80回的作者是曹雪芹，后40回由高鹗完成。通过对贾氏封建大家族(feudal clan)生活的生动描述《红楼梦》展示了清朝(the Qing Dynasty)封建社会的兴衰。小说塑造了大量的人物，其中主要人物就将近40个。以该小说为题材的艺术作品很多，其中最成功的当属1987年由王扶林导演的电视连续剧《红楼梦》。
参考译文：
Written in the 18th century, A Dream of Red Mansions is a famous Chinese classical novel. In this 120-chapter novel, the first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin and the left 40 by Gao E. With vivid descriptions of the life in the big feudal clan of Jia, the novel reveals the rise and fall of the feudal society in the Qing Dynasty. The novel shapes a large number of characters and nearly forty are considered major ones. A lot of artistic works have been produced based on the novel, among which the most successful is the TV series A Dream of Red Mansions directed by Wang Fulin in 1987.
19、本草纲目
《本草纲目》(The Compendium of Materia Medica)是明代（the Ming Dynasty）著名的医学家李时珍所著。这部著作近乎200万字，记载药物(medical substance) 1892种。除了中草药（Chinese herhal medicine)，该书也包含了动物和矿物质作为药物的记载。《本草纲目》堪称中医史上最完整的医书，对各种药物的名称、气味、形态等都做了详尽的介绍。它被翻译成20多种语言并在全世界广为流传。即便现在，人们还常常将它用作医学参考书。
参考译文：
The Compendium of Materia Medica is written by Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. With almost 2million Chinese characters, the book lists 1,892 kinds of medical substances. Besides Chinese herbal medicines, it includes animals and minerals used as medicinal substances. The Compendium of Materia Medica is regarded as the most complete medical book in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Detailed introductions of all the medical substances are given in the book, including name, smell, appearance, etc. It has been translated into more than 20languages and spreads all over the world. Even now it is still often used as a reference book in medicine.
20、元青花瓷
元代(the Yuan Dynasty)是中国瓷器(porcelain)发展史上—个重要的时期。基于先前朝代的烧制技术景德镇成功地制作出青花瓷(the blue and white porcelain)。元青花瓷富丽雄浑，其风格与传统的瓷器大相径庭。元青花瓷的出现也使景德镇成为当时世界制瓷业的中心。元青花瓷制作精美而且传世极少，因此异常珍贵。青花瓷的制作在明清两朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)得到进一步发展，其中的精品是许多收藏家的终极目标。
参考译文：
The Yuan Dynasty is a key period in the development of Chinese porcelain industry. Based on the firing techniques of former dynasties, the blue and white porcelains had been successfully manufactured in Jingdezhen. The blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are grand and splendid, whose styles are quite different from those of the traditional porcelains. The rising of blue and white porcelain in the YuanDynasty also made Jingdezhen the center of the porcelain industry in the world at that time. Finely made and rarely handed down, the blue and white porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty are extremely precious. The blue and white porcelains were further developed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some fine works are the dream targets for collectors。
21、京剧脸谱
京剧脸谱(the facial makeup of Beijing Opera)是具有民族特色的一种独特的化妆方法。它最大的特点在于借助不同的色彩来展示人物的性格。脸谱的颜色使观众对人物的善恶美丑一目了然。通常红色代表忠诚；黑色象征正直；紫色意味公正；黄色喻示残暴(brutality)。此外，脸谱还常常带有图案(design)来表述某个故事，比如后羿脸谱上有九个太阳，表明他曾经用箭射掉了九个太阳。
参考译文：
The facial makeup of Beijing Opera is a unique makeup method with Chinese national characteristics. It has the best feature of showing the characters with various colorful facial paintings. The audience knows the good or evil character of a role directly based on the color of the face. Usually, red represents loyalty; black integrity; purple justice, and yellow brutality. In addition, the facial makeup often comes with designs to tell some story. For instance, Hou Yi has nine suns painted on his face, indicating that he has ever shot nine suns from the sky.
22、黄颜色
自古以来黄颜色就与中国传统文化有着紧密联系。中国的第一个皇帝称为“黄帝”(Yellow Emperor)；中华民族的母亲河为“黄河”；中国人的皮肤为“黄皮肤”。五行学说(the theory of five elements)认为黄颜色位居五行的中央，居于诸色之上，最为贵，黄色也因此被定为皇帝服装的颜色。明清两朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)，黄色为皇家专用色彩，是权力的象征。直到现在，黄色仍然是中国人最喜爱的颜色之一。
参考译文：
Since the ancient times, the color yellow has a close relationship with the Chinese traditional culture. The first emperor in China was called "Yellow Emperor"；the Mother River of the Chinese nation is the "Yellow River"；the Chinese people have "yellow skin". According to the theory of five elements, yellow was in the middle of the five elements, coming first of all colors. Therefore, it was viewed as the noblest color, a color for the clothing of emperors. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, yellow was the exclusive color for the Emperor families, which was a symbol of power. Until now, yellow is still one of the Chinese favorite colors.
23、移动支付
过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展，随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款极容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。
参考译文：
In the past few years, the mobile payment market has flourished in China. With the advent of the mobile Internet, mobile shopping has gradually become a trend. Young people aged between 18 and 30 constitute the largest group in the mobile payment market. (Young people between the ages of 18 and 30 make up the largest segment of the mobile payment market.) Since it is extremely easy to pay by mobile phone now, many consumers prefer to pay by mobile phone when shopping, rather than in cash or by credit cards. (Because it is so easy to pay by mobile now, many consumers would rather pay by mobile phone than in cash or by credit card when shopping.) To encourage people to spend more, many stores offer discounts to customers who use mobile payments. Experts predict that China's mobile payment market still has great potential for development in the future.
24、七夕
七夕节(Double Seventh Festival)是中国最具浪漫色彩的传统节日。每年农历(lunar calendar)七月初七就是七夕节，亦称“乞巧节”。七夕节起源于中国古代牛郎(Cowherd)和织女(Weaver Maid)的爱情神话，他们的故事感动了一代又一代的中国人。许多有情男女会在七夕的晚上祈祷自己的姻缘美满，期望“有情人终成眷属”。近年来，越来越多的都市青年男女把这个节日当作“中国情人节”(Chinese Valentine's Day)。
参考译文：
The Double Seventh Festival is the most romantic traditional Chinese festival. Also known as "Qiqiao Festival", it falls annually on the 7th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar. The festival came from an ancient Chinese romantic fairy tale about the Cowherd and the Weaver Maid, which has deeply moved generations of Chinese people. Many men and women in love usually pray for a happy marriage on that night, hoping for "a happy ending for true love". In recent years, more and more youngsters in cities celebrate the Double Seventh Festival as Chinese Valentine's Day.
25、丽江古城
丽江古城有800多年的历史，曾经是茶马古道(the old teahorse road)上的一个贸易集结点(confluence)。丽江因其有序的水道和桥梁系统而闻名。丽江古城在建筑、历史及其原住民纳西族(the Naxi people)的文化传统方面不同于中国其他古城。古城沿山脉和河流而建，为我们提供了一个研究古代建筑的非常珍贵的样本。独特的地理位置、历史背景以及多民族的居民，都使丽江成为最特别的古城之一。
参考译文：
The old town of Lijiang has a history of more than 800 years and was once a confluence for trade along the old tea horse road. It is famous for its orderly system of waterways and bridges. The old town of Lijiang differs from other ancient Chinese cities in architecture, history and the culture tradition of its local residents-the Naxi people. The town is built along mountains and rivers, providing us with a very precious sample of the research on the old-time architecture. The unique geographical location, historical background and multiracial inhabitants make it one of the most special old towns.
26、太极拳
太极拳（Tai Chi）是一系列缓慢的动作，旨在修炼身心。它就像是一种舞蹈，却不需要你随音乐起舞，而是需要你向内看，聆听内心的节奏。它创自数千年前，原本是一种武术（martial art）——一种自卫的技艺。然而，它的武术方面如今不太流行了。目前，全世界成千上万人练习它，主要是由于它对于人类健康的神奇作用。它将身体动作与平静、冥想的（meditative）心理状态结合起来，所以也被称作“冥想运作（meditation motion）”。
参考译文：
Tai Chi is a series of slow movements that are aimed at training us physically and mentally. It is just like a dance that requires you to look inside and dance to the internal rhythms instead of music. It was created thousands of years ago as a martial art and specifically as a defensive art. However, nowadays its martial aspect is not that popular. It is practiced by thousands of people around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human health. It is often called "meditation in motion" because it combines the body's movements with a calm and meditative state of mind.
27、黄山
黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
参考译文：
Mount Huang is located in the south of Anhui province. Its landscape is unique, and it is especially famous for its sunrise and sea of clouds. In order to appreciate the magnificence of this great mountain, one has to look up, but to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mount Huang, one has to look down. Mount Huang’s humid climate is fit for the growth of tea tree, and it is one of the major tea tree growing areas of China. There are also many warm springs in Mount Huang, whose water is helpful for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases. Mount Huang is one of the major tourist destinations in China, and is also the most popular subject of photography and traditional Chinese paintings.
28、方言
中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别最大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以至于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。
参考译文：
China is a vast country with a large population, and in many places people speak their own dialects. Dialects differ most in pronunciation, but less in vocabulary and grammar. Some dialects, especially those from the north and south, are so different that speakers of different dialects often have trouble understanding each other. Dialects are considered an integral part of local culture, but the number of people who can speak them has been decreasing in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak more local dialects, some local governments have adopted approaches, such as opening dialect classes in schools and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and television in order to preserve local cultural heritage.
29、中国菜系
中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。
参考译文：
China is a time-honored multi-ethnic nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines”in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.
30、追星
“追星（star chasing）”是指人们对某个明星特别崇拜（worship），想要了解关于他/她的一切，这种行为多发生在青少年中。“追星”也是“双刃剑（double-edged sword）”，盲目地“追星”会分散精力，影响到青少年的学习。但若理性对待，它也有积极的一面。因为它可以让人拥有敬慕的对象，以他们为榜样，努力追求属于自己的成功未来。总之，“追星”有利也有弊，应该取其精华，弃其糟粕，从而树立健康的生活态度和价值观。
参考译文：
Star chasing refers to one's worship for a celebrity and the strong feeling to know everything about him or her. It mainly occurs among adolescents. Star chasing is also a double-edged sword. Blindly chasing after stars will distract the attention of the youth from their study. However, if treated rationally, it also has a positive side. With someone to respect, admire and emulate, the adolescent will strive for a successful future. In short, there are both advantages and disadvantages in star chasing. Its essence should be taken and the dross discarded so as to foster healthy life, attitudes and values.
31、节日美食
我国食品种类繁多，节日食俗也丰富多彩。春节(the Spring Festival)是我国的传统节日，人们通常从它的前夜—除夕就开始张罗了。除夕那天，家家户户都要吃很丰盛的年夜饭。因为“鱼”和“有余”的“余”读者相同，为了预示新年节庆有余，有些民族初一有吃鱼的习俗。端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)的重要食俗就是吃粽子(rice dumpling)。粽子越做越好，品种也越做越多。在中国，吃月饼是中秋节(the Mid-Autumn Festival)最具典型意义的食俗了。农历八月十五这一 天，人们都喜欢合家团聚，边饮酒赏月，边吃月饼。中秋吃月饼的习俗已有悠久的历史。
参考译文：
China has a wide variety of food, and eating customs on festivals are also colorful. The Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China, and people usually begin to bustle on New Year's Eve, the evening before the Spring Festival. On that day, every family will have a hearty reunion dinner. In order to predict a surplus for the coming year, some ethnic groups have adopted the custom of eating fish on the first day of lunar January, because the sound of Chinese character for “fish” is the same with that of “surplus”. Besides, the important custom of the Dragon boat festival is eating rice dumplings, so rice dumplings are turning better and better and the variety of them is becoming more and more diverse. In China, eating moon cakes is the most typical custom on the Mid-Autumn Festival. On the15th day of lunar August, people like to get together and have a family reunion, drinking, appreciating the full moon and eating moon cakes which is a tradition of a long history.
32、饺子
每逢新春佳节，吃饺子(dumplings)已经成为中国的习俗。究其原因，首先是因为饺子形如金元宝(gold ingot)，人们在春节吃饺子取“招财进宝"之意；二是饺子有馅，便于人们把各种吉祥的东西包到馅里，以寄托人们对新的一年的祈望。人们常常将花生、枣和栗子等包进馅里。吃到花生的人将健康长寿，吃到枣和栗子的人将早生贵子。饺子因所包的馅和制作方法不同而种类繁多。即使是同一种水饺，亦有不同的吃法。
参考译文：
It's a Chinese custom to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival. The first reason for it is that dumplings are shaped like gold ingots. People eat dumplings during the Spring Festival, wishing to bring in wealth and treasures. The second reason is that dumplings are stuffed with fillings, allowing people to put a variety of auspicious things into it, and in this way people pin their hopes for the next year. People often put peanuts, Chinese Dates, and chestnuts inside the dumplings. Those who eat peanuts will be healthy and live a long life; those who eat Chinese dates and chestnuts will have a baby soon. There are a wide variety of dumplings due to their diverse fillings inside and different methods of making. Even dumplings of the same kind have different ways of eating.
文章来源: https://twgreatdaily.com/zh-hans/506860870_594235-sh.html