在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的一種從句,它內容完整,句型結構較為複雜,主句和從句時態搭配要求嚴格,在中考試題中頻頻出現。由於賓語從句涉及到引導詞、語序、時態等多方面的內容,所以賓語從句的用法一直是學習的重點難點。
一、賓語從句中引導詞的用法
在復合句中作主句的賓語,引導詞有:
連詞:that(that常可省略),whether, if
代詞:who,whose, what ,which
副詞:when,where, how, why等。
(一)that引導的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)
在以下情況中that不能省略
1、當句中的動詞後接多於兩個由that引導的賓語從句時,第一個that可省,但後面的that不可省。例句:
He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.[
2、當主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時,that一般不可省。
例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3、當that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時,that不可省。
例句:
I can』ttell him that his mother died.
注意事項:許多帶復合賓語的句子,that引導的賓語從句經常移到句子後部,而用it作形式賓語。
例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
(二)由whether, if引導的賓語從句
由whether(if)引導的賓語從句,實際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是「是否」。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來,在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。
例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether,不能用if引導的賓語從句
1、在帶to的不定式前
例句:We decided whether to walk there.
2、在介詞的後面
例句:I』m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.[
3、在動詞後面的賓語從句時
例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
4、直接與or not連用時
例句:I can』t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引導的賓語從句
5、if引導條件狀語從句,意為「如果」
例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
6、if引導否定概念的賓語從句時
例句:He asked if I didn』t come to school yesterday.
7、引導狀語從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時
例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.
二、賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下:
I don』t know what they are looking for.
三、賓語從句的時態
1、主句是一般現在時,從句根據實際情況使用任何時態。
例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是過去時態,從句須用過去時態的某種形式。
例句:She was sorry that she hadn』t finished her work on time.
3、當賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時,即使主句是過去時,從句也用一般現在時態。
例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
四、賓語從句的特點
1、賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。
2、賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。
3、連接詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義,不充當句子成分,多數情況下可以省略。
4、whether和if都可引導賓語從句,但whether後可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。
5、如果從句太長,可以用形式賓語it.
五、who,what,when等引導具有特殊疑問句意義的賓語從句。
特殊疑問句作為賓語從句時,用原來的連接代詞或連接詞引導,它們在從句中充當一定成分,有具體的意義,不可省略。
Show me what you have written.
把你所寫的給我看看。
Idon』tknow whose dictionary it is.
我不知道這是誰的字典。
Could you please tell me where the post office is?
你能告訴我郵局在哪裡嗎?[
【典例分析】
What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week
B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine
D.summer comes after spring
【答案】D