中考最頭疼的動詞不定式,一次搞定

2019-10-14     山西英語程老師

動詞不定式屬於非謂語動詞形式,在句中不能作謂語。通常動詞不定式是由「不定式符號to + 動詞原形」構成的。動詞不定式在句子中可以起以下作用:

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1.作主語。動詞不定式作主語時,一般用it作形式主語,不定式後置,作真正的主語。To study English well is very necessary.= It is very necessary to study English well.學好英語是非常必要的。

2.作賓語。動詞不定式作賓語時,其邏輯主語即為全句的主語。當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時,常將形式賓語it放在謂語動詞之後、賓語補足語之前,不定式放在賓補之後。The boy wants to ask his father a question.這個男孩想問他爸爸一個問題。I find it necessary to go there at once.我發現立刻去那裡是必要的。

3.作賓語補足語。接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞(詞組)有ask,tell,want,wish,expect,would like等。接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有hear,see,watch,notice,feel,let,make,have等。I asked him to go with me.我要求他和我一起去。I often hear her sing this song.我常聽見她唱這首歌。

4.作表語。動詞不定式作表語,位於連繫動詞之後。多數情況下,可轉換為作主語。My duty is to keep the classroom clean.=To keep the classroom clean is my duty.我的職責是保持教室清潔

。5.作定語。不定式作定語時,位於被修飾的名詞或代詞之後。We have too much work to do this vacation.這個假期我們有太多工作要做。

6.作狀語。不定式作狀語往往表示目的、原因或結果,其邏輯主語通常是全句的主語。I am very glad to see you here.(表原因)我很高興在這兒看見你。I went to the station to meet him.(表目的)我去車站接他。

拓展:省略to的不定式結構had better do sth.最好做某事/let sb.do sth.讓某人做某事/make sb.do sth.使某人做某事/Why not do sth.?=Why don't you do sth.?為什麼(你)不做某事呢?動詞不定式的否定形式為not (to) do sth.。I always tell my students not to play on the road.我總是告誡學生不要在馬路上玩耍。Could you please not put your bike here?請你不要把自行車放在這裡好嗎?

例題講解

例1 (2014·北京中考)My parents always tell me      more vegetables and fruit.A.eat     B.eatingC.eats D.to eat解析tell sb.to do sth.為固定結構,意為「讓某人做某事」,動詞不定式用作賓語補足語。答案D例2 (2014·黑龍江綏化中考)We should do what we can     our environment.A.protect   B.to protectC.protecting解析結合選項可推知句意為「我們應盡我們所能去保護環境」。此處應用動詞不定式表目的,故選B。答案B例3 We have two rooms     ,but I can't decide     .A.to live;to choose which one B.lived;choose which one C.to live in;which one to chooseD.live;which one解析句意:我們有兩個房間可居住,但是我不能決定選哪個房間。第一個空是動詞不定式作後置定語,修飾rooms;第二個空是動詞不定式與疑問詞連用構成不定式短語,作decide的賓語。答案C例4 The boy made us     by making faces.A.to laugh B.laughingC.laugh D.laughed解析make後跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,故選C。

答案C

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