名詞性從句中的易錯點
(一)that引導的定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關係,「……的名詞」,而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實或概念的抽象名詞,如:
fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。
That在定語從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語從句中不充當任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如:
1.Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
2.Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.
解析:在句中,that引導同位語從句解釋說明promise的內容,that不充當任何句子成分,只起連接作用,而在句中,that在其引導的定語從句中作動詞visited的賓語,對先行詞the chicken farm起修飾作用。
(二)名詞性從句中,關於it作形式主語和形式賓語的易錯點
1) 名詞性從句作主語或賓語時,為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如:
It's a pity that he don't come to give a speech.(形式主語)
We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式賓語)
2)謂語動詞 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引導的賓語從句時往往在從句前加上形式賓語it. 例如:
I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
3)動詞hare, take, hide, punish, put等,後接由that 引導的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語it. 例如:
1.I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
2.we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
4)短語動詞answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等後接有that引導的賓語從句時,必須冠以形式賓語it. 例如:
I'm counting on it that you will come.
She'll see to it that he goes ahead.
註:作形式主語和形式賓語時只能用it.