時間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌
年月周前要用in,日子前面卻不行。
遇到幾號要用on,上午下午又是in。
要說某日上下午,用on換in才能行。
午夜黃昏須用at,黎明用它也不錯。
at也用在明分前,說「差」可要用上to,
說「過」只可使用past,多說多練牢牢記,
莫讓歲月空蹉跎。
下面就時間概念的介詞用法做一簡要介紹和比較。
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
these are our chief tasks at the present stage.這些就是我們現階段的主要任務。
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
they arrived in shanghai on may
25.他們在五月二十五日到達上海。
註:(1)關於"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在聖誕節,應說"at christmas而不說"on christmas
2)在(剛……)的時候。
on reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城裡他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數情況下可以和dur- ing互換,前者強調對比,後者強調持續。 in(during)1988(december,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀)
i returned to beijing in the middle of june.我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示"在某項活動的期間",則只能用during。
during my military service(the trip)在我服役期間(在旅行期間)
2)表示以說話時間為基點的"(若干時間)以後",常用作將來時態謂語的時間狀語。如這時要表示"(若干時間)內",常用within。比較:
the meeting will end in 30minutes.(三十分鐘後)會議三十分鐘後結束。
can you finish it within 30minutes?(三十分鐘內)你能在三十分鐘之內完成這件事嗎?
但在過去時態中,in可用於表"在若干時間以內",這時不要誤用during。 the job was done during a week.(wrong)
the job was done in a week.(right)這工作在一星期內就完成了。
4.after表示"在(某具體時間)以後",注意不要和in的2)意混淆。
after supper(8o』clock,the war)晚飯(八點、戰)後 比較:he will be back in two hours.他將在兩個小時以後回來。
he returned tohis hometown after the war.戰後他回到了故鄉。 5.for表示"(動作延續)若干時間",有時可省略。 i stayed in london(for)two days on my way to new york.在去紐約的途中,我在倫敦呆了兩天。
6.since表示"自(某具體時間)以來",常用作完成時態謂語的時間狀語。
since liberation(1980)自從解放(1980年)以來 they have been close friends since childhood.他們從小就是好朋友。 註:
(1)since the war是指"自從戰爭結束以來",若指"自從戰爭開始以來",須說"since the beginning of the war"。
(2)不要將since與after混淆。 比較:he has worked here since 1965.(指一段時間,強調時間段)自從1965年以來,他一直在這兒工作。 he began to work here after 1965.(指一點時間,強調時間點)從1965年以後,他開始在這兒工作。
7.by表示"到……的時候",其謂語時態的用法:動作動詞常用完成時態;狀態動詞(be)常用一般時態。
比較:
by noon,everybody had(will have)arrived there. by noon,everybody were(will be)there. 到中午的時候,大家都(將)到那兒了。 以上探討了介詞表示時間概念時的用法和比較,上述介詞除表示時間概念外還有其他的用法,英語學習者必須掌握其各種用法,才能靈活運用,提高自己的語言能力。
小學英語語法複習要點(一)
一、名詞複數規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,
watch-watches
3.以「輔音字母+y」結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以「f或fe」結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規則名詞複數:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
寫出下列各詞的複數
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________
water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
二、一般現在時
一般現在時基本用法介紹
【No. 1】一般現在時的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特徵、狀態。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。
2.表示經常性或習慣性的動作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。
3.表示客觀現實。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。
一般現在時的構成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一個男孩。
2.行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:
We study English.我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she,it)時,要在動詞後加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
一般現在時的變化
1. be動詞的變化。
否定句:主語+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句:Be +主語+其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行為動詞的變化。
否定句:主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
當主語為第三人稱單數時,要用doesn't構成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問句:Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當主語為第三人稱單數時,要用does構成一般疑問句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:How does your father go to work?
動詞+s的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以「輔音字母+y」結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
一般現在時用法專練:
一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括號內動詞的適當形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I』m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today?
- It’s Saturday.
三、按照要求改寫句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________
3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句,作肯定回答)
_______________________________________________________
____________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
____________________________________
5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)
_______________________________________________________
6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)
___________________________________________________
7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問)
________________________________________________________
8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問)
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)
________________________________________________________
________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句)
___________________________________________________
五、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方,將正確的寫在橫線上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don』t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
三、現在進行時
1.現在進行時表示現在正在進行或發生的動作,也可表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。
2.現在進行時的肯定句基本結構為be+動詞ing.
3.現在進行時的否定句在be後加not。
4.現在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調到句首。
5.現在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結構為:
疑問詞不達意 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing?
但疑問詞當主語時其結構為:
疑問詞不達意 + be + 動詞ing?
動詞加ing的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發音的e結尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
現在進行時專項練習:
一、寫出下列動詞的現在分詞:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o』clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型轉換:
1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句並作肯定和否定回答)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.I』m playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問)
_________________________________________________________________
4.Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問)
_________________________________________________________________
四、將來時理論及練習
一、概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(後天)等。
二、基本結構:be going to + do;
will+ do.
三、否定句:在be動詞(am, is, are)l後加not或情態動詞will後加not成won』t。
例如:I』m going to have a picnic this afternoon. I』m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑問句: be或will提到句首,some改為any, and改為or,第一二人稱互換。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況,一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。
1. 問人。Who 例如:I』m going to New York soon. Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 問幹什麼。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 問什麼時候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?
六、同義句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下個星期一你打算去幹嘛? 我想去打籃球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday?
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.
3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎?是,她要去買一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?
Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.
4. 你們打算什麼時候見面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?
改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)
Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I』ll go and join them.(改否定)
I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I』m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑問句)
________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑問句)
_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.(對劃線部分提問)
________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
用所給詞的適當形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.
五、一般過去時
1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經常或反覆發生的動作感謝。
2.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
am 和is在一般過去時中變為was。(was not=wasn』t)
are在一般過去時中變為were。(were not=weren』t)
帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were後加not,一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。
3.句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子
否定句:didn』t +動詞原形,如:Jim didn』t go home yesterday.
一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?
如: What did Jim do yesterday?
疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式?
如:Who went to home yesterday?
動詞過去式變化規則:
1.一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以「輔音字母+y」結尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
過去時練習
寫出下列動詞的過去式
is\\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______
throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be動詞的過去時練習(1)
一、 用be動詞的適當形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、 句型轉換
1. It was exciting.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
Be動詞的過去時練習(2)
一、用be動詞的適當形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型轉換
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、 中譯英
1.我的故事書剛才還在手錶旁邊。
___________________________________________________________
2.他們的外套上個禮拜放在臥室里了。
___________________________________________________________
3.一會以前花園裡有兩隻小鳥。
___________________________________________________________
行為動詞的過去時練習(1)
一、用行為動詞的適當形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
二、句型轉換
1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
2. Nancy went to school early.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
3. We sang some English songs.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
行為動詞的過去時練習(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、用be動詞的適當形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
二、句型轉換
1. They played football in the playground.
否定句:________________________________________________
一般疑問句:____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:__________________________________________
三、中譯英
1. 格林先生去年住在中國。
2. 昨天我們參觀了農場。
3. 他剛才在找他的手機。
________________________________________________________
過去時綜合練習(1)
一、 用動詞的適當形式填空
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.
4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.
10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.
二、 中譯英
1. 我們上周五看了一部電影。
_________________________________________________________
2. 他上個中秋節走親訪友了嗎?是的。
_________________________________________________________
3. 你們上個兒童節做了什麼?我們參觀了動物園。
_________________________________________________________
4. 你上周在哪兒?在野營基地。
_________________________________________________________
過去時綜合練習(2)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
一、 用動詞的適當形式填空
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday.
Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. Don』t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)
二、中譯英
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。
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2. 去年端午節我們沒去看了龍舟比賽。
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3. 他在音樂課上拉小提琴了嗎?不,沒有。
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