乾貨 | 初中千萬不能錯過的英語語法,介詞用法來啦,超全歸納

2019-09-02     英語周報

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介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關係的詞,不能單獨作句子成分。今天給大家分享了表示時間、位置、地點、方位,還有表示工具、手段或方式的介詞,以及其他常用介詞。

一. 表示時間的介詞

【幫你歸納】

表示時間時,at強調鐘點;

on強調星期、日期或某天的上午、下午或晚上;

in強調年、月、季節、時間段(常與將來時連用)或用於morning, afternoon, evening(noon和night前用at)前。

「for+一段時間」和「since+過去的具體時間」表示延續一段時間,常與現在完成時連用。

by意為「在……之前」,含有「不遲於……;到……為止」之意。

「during+時間段」與延續性動詞連用,表示一段時間內的動作或狀態。

【考一考】

單項選擇

( ) 1. I often help my mom do housework ________ Saturdays.

A. at B. in C. on D. to

( ) 2. I get up ______ 6:30 in the morning every day.

A. in B. at C. on D. to

( ) 3. My uncle and aunt will come to see us ________ August.

A. in B. on C. for D. at

( ) 4. This boy was born _______ the morning of July 6th, 2010.

A. in B. for C. at D. on

( ) 5. — How long have you studied in this school?

— ________ this January.

A. From B. Since C. For D. On

二. 表示位置、方位或地點的介詞

【幫你歸納】

in表示在某一地區之內的方位;on表示與某一地區的毗鄰關係;to表示在某一地區以外的某個方位。

on表示在某物上面且互相接觸;over側重垂直的上方,反義詞是under;above指在上方的任意一點,表示在某物上的高低位置,不接觸,其反義詞是below。

across表示從某物表面穿過或沿某一條線的方向進行的動作;through主要表示從物體內部穿過。

in the tree表示人或其他物體在樹上;on the tree表示樹上固有的東西。

大家可以參考下面的表格來記憶和運用哦!

【考一考】

單項選擇

( ) 1. — Where is this kind of wine made?

— It's made ______ France.

A. of B. in C. by D. as

( ) 2. How can we cross that wide river? There's no bridge _______ it.

A. among B. between C. on D. over

( ) 3. You must be careful when you swim ________ the river.

A. across B. below C. on D. through

( ) 4. The thief came in ________ the window last night.

A. through B. along C. across D. towards

( ) 5. In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _______ zero.

A. above B. below C. over D. under

三. 表示工具、手段或方式的介詞

【幫你歸納】

in表示用語言、聲音、原材料等;with表示用具體有形的東西;by表示用某種手段或方法,接交通工具時,交通工具名詞前不用冠詞,後面也常接動詞的-ing形式。

on表示通過無線電等通訊工具。

with / without sb.'s help意為「在某人的幫助下/沒有某人的幫助」。

【考一考】

單項選擇

( ) 1. — What's this _______ English, Li Wei?

— It's a robot.

A. for B. of C. in D. on

( ) 2. I saw Mr. Green talking with his son _______ the phone.

A. on B. with C. to D. in

( ) 3. Could you give me a hand? I can't complete the task on time ______ you help.

A. without B. below C. with D. for

( ) 4. Look! The little girl is writing ________ a pen.

A. through B. by C. in D. with

( ) 5. Mr. Brown makes a living ________ selling flowers.

A. along B. with C. by D. in

四. 其他介詞

【幫你歸納】

by

1. 介詞by最常見的用法是在被動句中引出施動者,意為「被……」。

2. 介詞by表示時間,意為「在……之前,到……為止」。

3. 介詞by加表示交通工具或交通方式的名詞,意為「用……,乘……,藉助於……」。常見搭配有:by train/rail /taxi/bus/truck/bike /boat /plane /land /road /sea /water/air等。

注意:置於by後表示交通工具的名詞不變複數,前面不加冠詞,但指乘某一具體時間的交通工具時則須加冠詞。如:

He left by the 10:30 train.

4. by表示方式、方法或手段等時, 後常接無冠詞的名詞或v-ing,意為「通過……,靠……,憑藉……」。如:

I've dialed the number so many times, so Iknow it by heart.

Can I reach you by phone?

I sent the letter by airmail.

5. by表示經由、通過時,意為「通過……,沿著……」。常見的搭配有:by a stone bridge/the backdoor/the freeway/country roads等。如:

We came through the fields, not by the road.

through

1. 表示手段、媒介,意為「憑藉……,經由……」,後面可以跟名詞或v-ing。當through後跟v-ing時可以與by互換。如:

The young man succeeded through hard work and good luck.

We sold the bike through advertising in the local paper.

2. 表示空間上通過、透過、經過,意為「通過……,經過……,穿過……,從一端到另一端」。如:

It is comfortable to read a book when lightcomes in through the window.

3. 表示時間上通過、自始至終、從頭到尾,意為「整個……,從……開頭到終了」,如:

The writer often works through the night.

The children are too young to sit through a long concert.

with

with意為「具有;擁有」;against意為「反對;倚靠」;表示在建築物的樓層時用介詞on。

在It’s+形容詞+of sb. to do sth.句型中,形容詞為clever, kind, silly等描述人物性格特徵的詞;在It’s+形容詞+for sb. to do sth.句型中,形容詞為important, easy等描述事物特徵的詞。

be made of意為「由……製成」,表示從成品中可以看出原材料;be made from也意為「由……製成」,表示從成品中看不出原材料。

【考一考】

單項選擇

( ) 1. Meimei is a beautiful girl _______ big eyes and dark hair.

A. in B. on C. at D. with

( ) 2. It is really kind ______ him to help those who are ______ trouble.

A. of; on B. of; in C. for; on D. for; at

( ) 3. All the desks in our classroom are made _______ wood.

A. by B. into C. of D. from

( ) 4. We'll play basketball _________ Class 3 tomorrow afternoon.

A. over B. against C. to D. for

( ) 5. Mr. Green's office is ________ the 26th floor. You can take the lift there.

A. at B. in C. on D. for

6. If you're travelling _________ car, ask whether there is a parking space nearby.

7. We walked rapidly _______ the backdoor.

8. She was led _______ the arm toa small room at the end of the corridor (走廊).

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