眾所周知，在英語高考試題中，總詞彙量最多、閱讀量最大、分值最高、考試分配時間最長的是閱讀理解題。因此，高考英語越來越重視對考生閱讀能力的考查。

縱觀歷年高考閱讀理解試題，其題型設計主要有主旨大意題、事實與細節題、推理判斷題、猜測詞義題。而其中細節理解題所占比重最大。今天我們為老師及學生們整理了該題型的命題特點、設問方式及解題技巧以深入的剖析。

多數情況下，命題人不會明確地呈現一個事實，需要學生根據已有的信息進行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的時間順序、故事發生的地點、情節的發展、和人物之間的關係。

考查文章細節理解的測試題的常見問題：

This article is particularly written for .?

When the writer says … he really means .?

The author's attitude to… is that .?

What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage?

The writer regards… as .?

The writer's purpose in writing this story is .

高考細節理解題主要考查考生對文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定細節或文章的重要事實的辨認能力，分直接辨認和間接辨認兩種。

1.直接辨認

細節的直接辨認不要求讀者對客觀事實作解釋或判斷，只要求他們從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，要求學生記住重要的細節，在需要的時候能準確而迅速地將他們回憶出來。

2.間接辨認

間接辨認不僅要求讀者能從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息，還要將獲得的信息進行同義轉換，用同義或近義的形式複述出來，為閱讀材料中某些詞彙、短語及句型等找到正確的英語釋義，以檢測考生的句義複述能力。

具體可細分為以下幾種形式：

No.1

排序題

這種試題要求考生根據事件發生的先後順序和句子之間的邏輯關係，找出事件發生的正確順序。

解題方法可採用「首尾定位法」。即先找出第一個動作和最後一個動作，迅速縮小選擇範圍，從而快速選出正確答案。常出現在記敘文和說明文中，一般按事件發生的順序。

常見命題形式有：

Which of the following is the correct order of…?

Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?

No.2

同義（反義）轉換題

近年來高考中部分細節理解測試題已由過去簡單的對號入座直接答題向通過語句的同義或反義轉換來考查對英語語言的理解能力。

No.3

數字轉換題

此類題一般要求考生能根據閱讀材料中給出的有關數據，找出轉換關係，通過計算，得出正確結論。這類計算題一般來說比較簡單，關鍵是要弄清各數據間的邏輯關係，選准比較的數據，弄清單位換算關係，確定計算方法，問題便迎刃而解了。通常採用的方法有「列表法」、「推算法」等。

考題探究

Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好鬥的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don't need a lot of space, don't make a lot of noise, and don't eat a lot for their size.

Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because theyre slim(苗條的)they dont have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold. Especially since they would much rather be at home in bed thanwalking around outside.

1.Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

A. They are big in size.

B. They live a very long life.

C. They can run races for some time.

D. They are quiet and easy to look after.

2 . If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important .

A. to keep it slim

B. to keep it warm

C. to take special care of its legs

D. to take it to animal doctors regularly

學海導航

1.D 從題目可以看出該題目是考查對文章細節理解的題目。結合語境，注意上下文的關係，注意查找關鍵信息。由文章的第二段的內容來看，文章用了三個具有否定意義的排比句They don't need a lot of space, don't make a lot of noise, and don't eat a lot for their size.，分析了灰狗的習性和特點，尤其是在點明了they make great pets之後，又對其原因進行了分析，此時我們就可以根據文章的講解來推斷題目。故該題目的關鍵是對文章第二段的內容進行分析，歸納，然後得出結論。

2.B 由題目可知該題應該是個對文章細節的推斷題。由該題考查的內容，我們可以講注意力放在文章的最後一段。最後一段中提到灰狗沒有其他類型狗的腿的毛病，因此 C項錯誤。文章特別提到they do feel the cold.，說明他們怕冷，因此就需要保暖了。故B項是正確答案。

總結

通過對上面細節理解題的講解，我們可以做出以下的總結:

1.定位能力很重要，要通過不斷的做練習來進行有意識的培養。

2.細節理解題通常是定位部分的變體或者是重複，即意思相同但表達的方式會有所變化。

3.切忌通過自己對某類知識的主觀了解做出憑空想像的判斷，每一道題目的選擇都離不開對原文的理解和把握，答題時要力求緊扣文章中心來尋找解題的線索。

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