1.代詞及Be動詞
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
賓格 me us you you her/him/it them
代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be動詞現在時 am are are are is are
be動詞過去時 was were were were was were
2.名詞的複數
規則變化的名詞複數形式：
規則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells toytoys
規則2 以s, x, ch, sh結尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches
規則3 以o結尾+s或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes
規則4 以f, fe結尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves
規則5 以輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i+es e.g. skyskies studystudies
3.動詞的第三人稱單數
規則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks
規則2 以s, x, ch, sh和o結尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches
規則3 以輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies
4.動詞現在分詞
規則1 一般動詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
規則2 以不發音的字母結尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
規則3 重讀閉音節詞結尾，即單詞中只有一個元音字母，其後緊跟一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running,sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping
5.動詞過去式
規則動詞變化：
規則1 一般動詞加-ed e.g.look-looked, watch-watched, play-played
規則2 以e結尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived
規則3 以輔音字母y結尾的變y為i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
規則4 重讀閉音節詞結尾，即單詞中只有一個元音字母，其後緊跟一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed stop-stopped
過去式的讀音：
在清輔音後面（除外）讀/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在濁輔音和元音後讀/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/，/d/後讀/id/ e.g. waited, hated
6.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
比較級
規則1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
規則2 以e結尾加-r nice-nicer
規則3 以輔音字母加y結尾，變y為i再加-er busy-busier
規則4 重讀閉音節結尾，雙寫輔音字母再加-er fat-fatter
最高級
規則1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
規則2 以e結尾加-st nice-nicest
規則3 以輔音字母加y結尾，變y為i再加-est busy-busiest
規則4 重讀閉音節結尾，雙寫輔音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7.常見縮寫
is=\\\\\\\\\\\\'s I am=I\\\\\\\\\\\\'m are=\\\\\\\\\\\\'re
is not=isn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t are not=aren\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
do not=don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
does not=doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
was=\\\\\\\\\\\\'s
did not=didn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
can not=can\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
have=\\\\\\\\\\\\'ve
has=\\\\\\\\\\\\'s
have not=haven\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
has not=hasn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
will=\\\\\\\\\\\\'ll
will not=won\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
shall not=shan\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
新概念第一冊：一般過去時
含有be動詞的句子
將be動詞變為過去式。am, is的過去式為was, are的過去式為were：
I was at the butcher\\\\\\\\\\\\'s.
You were a student a year ago.
The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首
Were you at the butcher\\\\\\\\\\\\'s?
Were you a student a year ago?
Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
變否定句在be動詞後面加not
I was not at the butcher\\\\\\\\\\\\'s.
You were not a student a year ago.
The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
肯定回答否定回答
Yes, I was. / No, I was not.
Yes, you were. / No, you were not.
Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.
不含be動詞的句子
將動詞變為過去式：
I finished my homework yesterday.
The boy went to a restaurant.
The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
變疑問句在句首加did，動詞變為原型
Did you finish your homework yesterday?
Did the boy go to a restaurant?
Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?
變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did not
I did not finish my homework yesterday.
The boy did not go to a restaurant.
The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I did. / No, I didn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, he did. / No, he didn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, they did. / No, they did not.
新概念第一冊：一般現在時
含有be動詞的句子
例句：
He is a teacher.
The girl is very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are students.
變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Is he a teacher?
Is the girl very beautiful?
Are Tim and Jack students?
變否定句在be動詞後面加not
He is not a teacher.
The girl is not very beautiful.
Tim and Jack are not students.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
不含有be動詞的句子
(1)第三人稱單數及單數名詞
He likes books.
She likes him.
The dog likes bones.
變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變為原型
Does he like books?
Does she like him?
Does the dog like bones?
變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t, 動詞變為原型，原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化。
He doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like books.
She doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like him.
The dog doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like bones.
肯定回答及否定回答：
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
Yes, it does. / No, it doesn\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
注意：第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞後面加S，不要和名詞複數混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞複數沒有任何變化。
(2)其他人稱及複數名詞
I want to have a bath.
We have some meat.
The students like smart teachers.
變疑問句在句首加do
Do you want to have a bath?
Do we have any meat?
Do the students like smart teachers?
變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
You don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t want to have a bath.
We don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t have any meat.
The students don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t like smart teachers.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I do. / No, I don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
Yes, we do. / No, we don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t
Yes, they do. / No, they don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t.
新概念第一冊：現在進行時
現在進行時——表示現在正在進行的動作
構成：主語＋be動詞＋動詞的現在分詞＋其它成分
We are having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The dog is running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
變疑問句
將be動詞移到句首：
Are we having lunch?
Is he reading a book?
Is the dog running after a cat?
Are the boys swimming across the river?
變否定句
在be動詞後面加 not
We are not having lunch.
He is not reading a book.
The dog is not running after a cat.
The boys are not swimming across the river.
變特殊疑問句
疑問詞：what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑問詞＋動詞＋主語＋現在分詞
What are you doing?
What is she doing?
What is the dog doing?
沒有進行時的動詞（必背）
表示狀態，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作：
1. 表示感覺，感官的詞
see, hear, like, love, want
2. have, has當「擁有」講時沒有進行時
新概念第一冊：感嘆名/祈使句
感嘆句
1） What +名詞+主語+謂語
What a beautiful girl she is!
What tall buildings they are!
2） How +形容詞+主語+謂語
How beautiful the girl is!
How tall the buildings are!
• 在口語中，感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略：
What a nice present!（省略it is）
How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語）
祈使句
祈使句表示請求、命令、建議、邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號，用降調。
肯定句：動詞原型
Come here, please.
Go downstairs, please.
Stand up.
Sit down.
Be quiet.
Be careful.
祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾：
Come in, Amy.
Sit down here, Tom.
Mary, give me a book please.
否定：Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t+動詞原型
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t come here.
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t sit down.
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t stand up.
Don\\\\\\\\\\\\'t give me it.
let sb. do 讓某人做
Let me pass.
Let us have a rest.
Let\\\\\\\\\\\\'s have a rest.
反意疑問：
Let\\\\\\\\\\\\'s have a walk along the river, shall we?
Let\\\\\\\\\\\\'s go out for a drink, will you?
新概念第一冊：名詞
不可數名詞
無法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice
抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness
不可數名詞有以下特點：
不能用a, an修飾；
不能加s；
和單數be動詞或動詞搭配。
可數名詞
單數可數名詞要用冠詞修飾，複數可數名詞要在名詞後面加s。名詞複數共有以下幾種變化：
• 規則變化的名詞複數形式
規則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells bookbooks
規則2 以s, x, ch, sh結尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches,busbuses, watchwatches
規則3 以o結尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s, radioradios
規則4 以f, fe結尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves, shelfshelves,wifewives
規則5 以輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i+es e.g. skyskies flyflies citycities
• 不規則變化的名詞複數形式
man（men） woman（women） foot（feet） goose（geese） tooth（teeth）
child（children） sheep（sheep） deer（deer） mouse（mice） fish（fish）