1、 動詞的種類(四類)
動詞在句子中作謂語,注意時態和主謂一致。
但是非謂語to do, doing和done也要留意,七年級主要當固定用法來記。
1)聯繫動詞
用法:和形容詞,名詞,介詞等一起做句子的謂語(系表結構)。
聯繫動詞有:
be動詞(is am are);
表示變化的become, get, turn, go等;
表示感官的系動詞有sound, smell, taste, feel, look等,其用法與be動詞用法相同。
七年級主要學習前兩類。
2)情態動詞
情態動詞有can, may, need, must等
情態動詞不能單獨作謂語,後接動詞原形,與行為動詞一起作謂語。
3)助動詞
助動詞幫助構成完整謂語,本身沒有意義:
do與 does(構成疑問句,否定句);
be(構成進行時);
have(構成完成時)
4)行為動詞
行為動詞表示行為動作的詞,有實在意義:
take 、bring、eat、have、like、sell、buy、play、see、go、watch 等
2、主謂一致及動詞的第三人稱單數
主語是單數名詞,第三人稱單數(包括he, she和it、不可數名詞、人名等),謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。
be的第三人稱單數形式是「is」;行為動詞一般在動詞後面加「s」;
(否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句,用助動詞does 幫助構成)
記:情態動詞沒有第三人稱單數形式
附:第三人稱單數形式的構成:
「動詞原形+ s/es」
(1)、一般情況,動詞後直接加 s (清輔音後讀 /s/,濁輔音,元音後讀/z/)
例如:falls, looks, grows, plants,
(2)、以字母 e 結尾的動詞,直接加 s (讀 /z/)
例如:comes, takes
(3)、以字母s, x, ch, sh, o結尾的動詞,加 es ( 讀 /z/ 或/Iz/)
例如: finishes, does, goes, watches, fixes, washes
(4)、以「輔音字母 + y」結尾的動詞,變 y 為 i,加 es (讀 / z /)
例如: studies
注意:元音字母 + y結尾的動詞,如enjoy play等,直接加「s」
(5)、have的第三人稱單數形式為「has」
可數名詞複數構成規則與動詞三單一樣!
複習題一
用be動詞的適當形式填空。
1. I ______from France.
2. ______ your father an engineer? No, he_______.
3. The little girl ______ lovely.
4. This ________ my English book.
5. Mom, where _______ my pencils?
6. They _______ my best friends.
7. Our English class _______ full of fun.
8. These_______ my glasses.
9. How much ______ the shoes?
10. How much ______ the pen?
11. Our PE teacher ______ very strong.
12. You can _______ whatever you want to be.
13. I want to ______ a doctor and help the sick people.
14. Let’s _______friends.
15. Jack and I ______ friends.
16. It _____ a small puppy.
17. Mary and Tom _______ classmates. They _____ in Class Three.
18. Someone ______ in the room.
19. Who ______ she?
20. What _______ in your bag?
參考答案
1. am. 2. Is, isn』t. 3. is. 4. is.
5. are. 6. are. 7. is. 8. are.
9. are. 10. is. 11. is.
12. be. 情態動詞後用原型。
13.be. 「to+動詞原形」是動詞不定式。
14. be. Let’s「讓我們……」,後動詞用原型。
15. are. 16. is. 17. are, are.
18. is. 19. is
20. is/are,從句子意思看,包里有什麼?可能一樣東西,也可能多樣東西。讓我們選擇的話,沒有上下文提示,請選is
複習題二
用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1. She often _____ (go) swimming on Sundays.
2. Jim usually _______ (ride) a bike to his office in the morning.
3. Where ____ your father ______ (work)?
4. I _______ (have) maths, Chinese and English on Thursday morning.
5. My grandfather _______ (jog) in the park every morning.
6. Mrs Golf _________ (have) three sons and a daughter.
7. The family ________ (travel) in December almost every year.
8. Who _____ (want) to go café with me?
9. The policemen seldom ________ (stay) in the office.
10. _____ Alice _____ (like) playing the guitar?
Yes, she _____ (do).
11. _______ you ________ (watch) TV after school?
No, I _____ (do).
12. _____ Canadians _____ (speak) English?
13. Mary ________ ______ (not come) from USA. She ____(come) from UK.
14. ______ sheep _________ (eat) grass?
15. What ______ (do) a cat usually ________(do) at night?
16. Mike sometimes ______(go) to the library by himself.
17. Lily and Mike’s father often ________ (take) them to the cinema.
18. The boy _________ (not like) playing basketball.
19. How much ______ it _____ (take) you to buy these books?
20. How many lessons _______ your classmate ______(have) on Monday?
參考答案:
1. goes. 2. rides. 3. does, work
4. have. 5. jogs. 6. has.
7. travels. 集體名詞看作一個整體,為單數;側重指集體中的每個人,為複數。
8. wants 9. Stay 10. Does, like, does.
11. Do, watch, don't. 12. Do, speak.
13. doesn't, come, comes.
14. Do, eat. Sheep單複數同形,根據句意,應該為複數。
15. does, do. 16. goes.
17. takes. Lily和Mike的父親,兩人是兄妹。
18. doesn't like. 19. does, take.
20. does, have.
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