英語的語態包括兩種形式：主動語態(active voice)和被動語態(passive voice)。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。
Many people speak English.
謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。
English is spoken by many people.
主語English是動詞speak的承受者。
He opened the door.
他開了門。(主動句)
The door was opened.
門被開了。(被動句)
構成
His bicycle was stolen.
The building has been built in 2000.
通過上面的例句，可以看出，
被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成，強調動作是由什麼人或什麼東西而發出時，常用介詞「by +行為發出者」，即be+done+by+行為發出者。
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn』t know that my watch had been mended .
(1)You must hand in your homework after class.
Your homework must be handed in after class.
(2)He can write a letter with the computer.
A letter can be written with the computer by him.
一般現在時
一般過去時
一般將來時
現在進行時
過去進行時
過去將來時
現在完成時
過去進行時
Dan's bike was stolen last week.
丹的自行車上周被偷了。
My windows were broken yesterday.
我的窗戶昨天被打爛了。
Rice is also grown in North China.
華北地區也種水稻。
A new railway station will be built next year.
明年要建一座新的火車站。
這裡我們比較一下主動和被動：
Prisoners of War built the bridge.
戰俘修建了這座橋。
此句的主句是 Prisoners of War，是來回答 Who built the bridge? 這個問句，所以此句強調的是動作的執行者---戰俘，交代戰俘做了什麼事。
變被動之後：
The bridge was built by Prisoners of War.
這座橋是被戰俘修建的。
這樣說的話，主語變成了「the bridge」---這座橋，此句是回答 What was built? 所以此句是強調「什麼被建造」即強調動作的承受者。
又如：
The book was written by Shi Naian.
這本書是施耐庵寫的。
以上是被動語態使用的三種情況或者說時機，第三種雖然強調動作的承受者，但一般也要交代動作的執行者，用 by + 執行者 來表達。
主動語態：人們說英語。
People speak English in many countries.
被動語態：英語被說。
English is spoken in many countries..
主動語態：我們造這座橋。
We built this bridge last year.
被動語態：這座橋被建造。
This bridge was built last year.
主動語態：小王邀請你(賓語)
Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被動語態：你(賓語)被邀請。
You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.
主動語態：你不准帶走雜誌(賓語)
You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
被動語態：雜誌(賓語)不准被帶走.
These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.
主動語態：他們授給他(賓語)一枚獎章(賓語).
They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
被動語態：他(賓語)被授予一枚獎章.
He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被動語態：一枚獎章(賓語)被授給了他.
A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought.
A new computer have been bought. （錯誤）
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當的介詞，如上句還可以說：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：1.一般在下列動詞後，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book was showed to the class.
(2) My bike was lent to her.
(1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
The patient is being operated on. T
he problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物動詞+ 副詞：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。
His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather
(1) We always keep the classroom clean.
The classroom is always kept clean.
(2) She told us to follow her instructions.
We were told to follow her instructions.
We often hear him play the guitar.
He is often heard to play the guitar.
Nobody can answer this question.
誤：The question can be answered by nobody.
正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
7. 以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放在句首：
Who wrote the story?
誤：Who was the story written?
正：By whom was the story written?
(1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。
(2)The new product sells well. 這新產品很暢銷。
對比：The books sell well. (主動句)
The books were sold out. (被動句)
The meat didn』t cook well. (主動句)
The meat was cooked for a long time. (被動句)
(1)— Do you like the material?
— Yes, it feels very soft.
誤：It is felt very soft.
(2)The food tastes delicious.
誤：The food is tasted delicious.
(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.
誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
He entered the room and got his book.
誤：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
誤：Her hand was had burned.
The fire broke out in the capital building.
誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
誤：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
如：I taught myself English.
誤：Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
誤：Each other is loved.
1.be covered with被……覆蓋
2.be made of由……製作(發生物理變化)
be made from由……製作(發生化學變化)
be made in由(某地)製造
be made by被(某人)製造
3.be used for被用來……
be used as被當作(作為)……來使用
be used to do sth.被用來做某事
4.It is said that...據說……
It is hoped that...希望……
It is well known that...眾所周知……例如：
The child is sure to be punished for that.
那個孩子肯定會因為那件事受罰的。
Such a thing has never been heard of.
這件事前所未聞。
The radio has just been turned off.
收音機剛剛被關上。
The pen writes well.
這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。
The book sells well.
這本書很暢銷。
The car drives well.
The cloth washes easily.
The book is worth reading.
The tree needs watering.
The old lady is easy to get along with.
The question is difficult to answer.
You look unhappy.
The cake tastes delicious.
一般現在時、一般過去時用be +及物動詞的.過去分詞，be有人稱、時、數變。
完成時態have(has)done，
被動將been加中間。
一般將來shall(will)do，
被動變do為be done。
將來進行無被動，
shall(will)be doing。
現在完成時，被動 have(has)been done。
現、過進行be doing，
被動be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
否定助後加not，疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
復合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。初中英語難點「被動」語態用法全攻略，中考必考知識