1.either…or, neither…nor 和 both…and ，either…or, neither…nor 和 both…and 都是並列連詞詞組。

either…or 和 neither…nor 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數上必須與後面的主語保持一致

both…and 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞必須用複數

either…or 意為「或者……或者」、「要麼……要麼」

neither…nor 意為「既不……也不」；both…and 意為「兩者都」

They were either too big or too small.

他們要麼太大了，要麼太小了。

Either you or I am right.

要麼你對，要麼我對。

Neither you nor he has been there.

你和他都沒去過那裡。

Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.

約翰和安都有筆友。

He speaks both English and French.

他講英語和法語。

2.make sure, be sure

（1）make sure 意為「確保；確信；查明」，後面常接賓語從句及由 of 引起的短語。

Make sure （that） he comes at once.

一定叫他馬上來。

You』d better make sure of time.

你最好查明時間。

Make sure of it before you start out.

出發前查明這件事。

（2）be sure 意為「肯定；確定」， be sure 後可跟不定式或「疑問詞+不定式」，構成 be sure to do, be not sure whether to do 結構，要注意「疑問詞+不定式」一般用在否定句中。be sure 後還可跟從句，肯定句後跟 that 從句，否定句後跟 if /whether 從句。

He is sure to come.他肯定會來。

I』m not sure whether to go there/when to leave.我不確定是否要去哪兒/何時離開。I』m sure that I can run faster than you.我確定自己比你跑得快。

I』m not sure whether they can finish the job on time.我不確定他們是否能及時完成工程。

Be sure to come to our party if you have time.如果有時間的話一定要來參加我們的聚會。

Be sure to finish it as soon as possible.請務必儘快完成。

3.late,lately,later,latest

（1）late可作形容詞或副詞，意為「遲（的）；晚（的）」。

He often comes late for school.

他上學常遲到。

They were late for the film.

他們看電影遲到了。

（2）lately 是副詞，意為「最近；近來」相當於recently,常與現在完成時連用。

I haven』t heard from him lately.

我最近沒收到他的來信。

（3）later為late的比較級，意為「較遲的（地）」。另外，還可用作副詞，意為「後來」。

He goes home later than anybody .

他回家比誰都晚。

See you later .回頭見。

（4）latest為late的最高級，意為「最遲的（地）」；也相當於newest,意為「最新的」。

I go to bed latest in the family.

我是家裡睡覺最遲的。

Here is the latest news from abroad.

下面是來自國外的最新消息。

4．sick,ill

（1）sick和ill都有「患病」之意，都可以作表語，美國英語中常用sick作表語。英國英語中常用ill作表語。

His mother is ill.（英國用法）他的母親生病了。

His mother is sick.（美國用法）

（2）但用在名詞前作定語時，英國英語、美國英語均用sick而不能用ill.

He is looking after his sick mother.

他在照顧生病的母親.

5.would like,feel like和would like 都表示「想要干某事」。

（1）feel like 中的like是介詞,後跟名詞或動名詞.如:

I feel like sleeping/taking a walk.我想睡/散步。

I don』t feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路了。

Do you feel like having something to eat?你想要點東西吃嗎？

I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

I feel like some fish and chips for supper.晚飯我想吃些魚和土豆條。

It’s so hot. I feel like a swim.天真熱，我想去游泳。

（2）would like 中的like 是動詞，後跟不定式或名詞。如：

What would you like to do now ?

你現在想做什麼？

I would like to have dinner with you.

我想和你一起吃飯。

I would like to talk to you for a minute .

我想和你談一下。

Would you like some help?你需要幫助嗎？

6.cause, reason

（1）cause是造成一種事實或現象的「原因」。後接介詞of.如：

Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.

造成火災的原因通常是不謹慎。

Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.熱是物體膨脹的原因。

（2）reason是說明一種看法或行為的「理由」。後接介詞for.如：

You must tell him the reason why you won』t accept his offer.你必須告訴他你為何拒絕他的提議。

7．get through, go through

（1）get through 和 go through 表示「通過（某地、議案等）；用完」時可互換使用。The man was so fat that he couldn』t get/go through the door。那人胖得連那扇門都過不去。

The plan for this term will have to get/go through the leading group of the school。本學期計劃得經校領導班子通過。

I have got/gone through three pairs of shoes in a month..這一個月內我穿壞了三雙鞋。

（2）get through 和 go through又各有其意義：

get through :通過考試；接通電話

I got through everything except English .除英語外我別的都極格了。

I can』t get through to Beijing.The line is busy.我打不通北京的電話，占線。

go through:檢查；看一遍；經歷（困難，痛苦）

I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.我將作業檢查了一遍，以確定什麼都沒有漏掉。

Go through the text from the beginning .把課文從頭看一遍。

She must have gone through a lot.她一定吃了不少苦。

8．manage to do, try to do ,try doing

（1）manage to do 意為「設法做成了某事」，強調其結果是成功的。

The firefighters managed to put out the fire at last.消防隊員們終於設法撲滅了大火。

He managed to do the operation with very little help.在沒有多少幫助的情況下，他設法把手術做成功了。

（2）try to do意為「盡力做某事」。如：

You have to try to write every word neatly and correctly 。你得盡力把每個字寫得既清楚又準確。

He tried to open the door,but he couldn』t . 他想把門打開，但未能做到。

9.loving,lovely,lovable

（1）loving意為「愛慕的；鍾情的；深情的。」

He gave her a loving kiss.他給了她一個深情的吻。

（2）lovely 意為「可愛的，美麗的；迷人的」。

The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.這幢房子有很多大房間，並有一個惹人喜愛的花園。

（3）lovable 意為「可愛的，惹人愛的」。多形容人或動物。有時可以與lovely互換。She is a lovable child.她是個可愛的孩子。

It is a lovable kitten.它是一隻可愛的小貓。

10．appear,seem

（1）兩者用法基本相同,都可作」看起來（好像）……」講,後面可跟形容詞,分詞，名詞，不定式或that從句。

It appears/seems that he will win the prize.看來他要獲獎了。

（２）seem可跟隨as if 從句，而appear不能，appear強調外表上給人某種 印象，有時含有實質上並非如此之意；而seem則暗示判斷有一定根據，這種判斷往往接近事實．

At that time, it seemed as if I couldn』t think of the right word anyhow.當時，我似乎怎麼也想不出一個恰當的字眼來。

His health seems to have grown better.他的健康似乎有所好轉。

He seems to be sick, for he appears pale. 看樣子他病了，因為他面色看起來很蒼白。

He appears to know more than he really does.他看起來好像懂得很多，其實懂得沒有那麼多。

11．speak, talk,say,tell

（1）speak強調說話的能力、方式和對象，不強調說話的內容，常以某種語言作賓語，作不及物動詞時，常見搭配有：speak of sth./sb.「談到某事，某人」，speak to sb.「與某人說話」。

Can you speak French?你會說法語嗎？

Whom did you speak to just now?你剛剛在跟誰說話？

（2）talk 是不及物動詞，著重強調兩個人之間的相互說話，常見詞組有：talk with sb.和某人談話 talk about sb./sth談論某人、某事.talk of 談到 talk to sb與某人談話She is talking with Mark in French.她正跟馬克用法語交談。

We are talking about our summer holiday.我們在談論暑假。.

（3）say 一般作及物動詞，強調說話的內容。

What did you say just now?你剛剛說了什麼？

Let’s go and say hello to him.讓我們去向他問個好吧

（4）tell常作及物動詞，表示「講述，告訴」，後面常跟隨雙賓語，即tell sb.sth..還可用在tell of sb./sth.中。

I will tell you the truth tomorrow.我明天將告訴你實情。

He often tells of his sister.他經常談到他的姐姐。

12.occur, happen, take place 的區別：

都表示發生，都是不及物動詞，不能用於被動語態中，也不能把過去分詞用來作形容詞。

（1）happen往往還有「偶然」或「未能預見」的意思。

I didn』t buy it, because it happened that I had no money on me.我沒買那東西，因為當時碰巧身上沒帶錢。

（2）occur有時按計劃使某些事或結果「發生」，有時強調「呈現」於人的知覺、心腦。

It didn』t seem to have occurred to him that the masses, once mobilized, could work greater wonders than any individual could dream of .他仿佛沒有想到群眾一旦動員起來，可以做出任何人所夢想不到的奇蹟

（3）take place可指事件「發生」，但更常用表示「舉行」。

The meeting took place in the great auditorium. 會議在大禮堂里舉行。

13.carry, bring, take, fetch, get的區別

（1）carry指隨身攜帶，不特別表示帶到什麼地方，而攜帶的方式是提、扛、背、抬等。He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder. 他肩膀上扛著一個木箱。

（2）bring指從別處把東西拿來，其後可跟雙賓語、直接賓語，也可以是抽象名詞。Please bring me a new pencil. 請給我拿支新鉛筆來。

（3）take指把東西從說話人這兒帶到別處去，同bring方向正好相反。

The monkey took the tiger to a big river.

猴子把老虎帶到大河邊。

（4）fetch和get意思差不多，指去別處拿來，等於go and bring, 表示一往一返。get常用於口語。

Let’s fetch some water. 咱們去打點水來。

14.laugh, smile的區別

（1） laugh指一般的笑，或出聲大笑。

He laughed loudly when he heard what I said. 他聽見我說的話之後，放聲大笑。

（2）smile 指無聲地「微笑」。

We can see from far that our guests are smiling and waving at us.從遠處我們可以看見我們的客人在向我們微笑，在向我們揮手。

16．each other與one another 的區別

each other和one another是兩組相互代詞，一般說來，each other 用於兩個人或兩個事物之間，但這種區別在現代英語中已不明顯。

You and I know each other very well。你我相互都很了解。

All the children here are fond of one another。這裡所有的孩子相互都很喜歡。

注意：each other有時可分開使用，這時each可以用作主語。

Each tries to do better than the other in their work.每個人在工作中都盡力比別人做得更好。